bay of campeche caribbean sea

What can we expect for the 2022 Atlantic Hurricane Season? On the less-touristy side of the Yucatn Peninsula, the cultured hub of Campeche, Mexico, has a Unesco-listed center, authentic Mexican food and nearby beaches to explore. It is being monitored for possible tropical development as it moves toward. Coral reefs support some of the most diverse marine habitats in the world, but they are fragile ecosystems. The English frigate Marston Moor arrived at Port Royal, Jamaica, after a few rough months at sea. This risk increases to 10-20 % over the central Caribbean Sea with a somewhat greater than 20% risk concentrated off the coast of Columbia. 'Dr. There are quite a few rivers that also flow into . [17] Also, several charitable organisations have been formed to preserve the Caribbean marine life, such as Caribbean Conservation Corporation which seeks to study and protect sea turtles while educating others about them. Underwater earthquakes pose a threat of generating tsunamis which could have a devastating effect on the Caribbean islands. El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. Tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) have cooled recently as we approach the start of the North Atlantic Hurricane Season on June 1st. Given that the last AMO phase shift (Cool to Warm) occurred over 25 years ago, the shift back to the cool (from the current warm phase) is likely within the next 5-7 years and when this occurs, we will experience a reduction in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. Sea resort town in Baja California Sur, Mexico, Which Mexican peninsula separates the Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean Sea? Over 350 years after the raid on Campeche the pirate stories and legends survive in popular culture, and continue to evoke feelings of adventure and romance. . The Caribbean is home to about 9% of the world's coral reefs, covering about 50,000km2 (19,000sqmi), most of which are located off the Caribbean Islands and the Central American coast. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. For the word puzzle clue of bay of campeche gulf of honduras, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results. [1], It experiences strong winds from the north from November into February along its western edge, with the winds ultimately funneling between the mountains and out into the Pacific near Salina Cruz. [1][2] The sea's deepest point is the Cayman Trough, between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica, at 7,686m (25,217ft) below sea level. If the current trend towards cooler SSTs continues in the Atlantic MDR continues into the peak of the hurricane season, then there will be a dampening effect which could tend to reduce overall Atlantic activity, although with an active La Nia present, the season could still be above the long-term average. Weddell, North or Gulf of California, Body of water connecting the Gulf of Mexico with the Caribbean Sea. [10] Most recently, a 7.1 earthquake struck Haiti on January 12, 2010. The geological age of the Caribbean Sea is estimated to be between 160 and 180million years and was formed by a horizontal fracture that split the supercontinent called Pangea in the Mesozoic Era. The Antilles along with Central America lie in the flight path of migrating birds from North America so the size of populations is subject to seasonal fluctuations.Parrots and bananaquits are found in forests. Generally waves will average 2-5 feet (0.5-1.5 meters) however, over the Central Caribbean, waves average 6-8 foot (2-2.5 meters). Solenodons and hutias are mammals found only in the Caribbean; only one extant species is not endangered. Over the Gulf of Mexico air temperatures average around 82-84 F (28-29 C) over the Gulf of Mexico and 81-83 F (27-28.5 C) across the Caribbean. In 1659 he attacked a Spanish treasure fleet but failed to capture it and continued to plunder the Spanish colonies in northern South America, known collectively as the Spanish Main. Even though the Anglo-Spanish War had ended, England still had plans to expand its possessions in the Caribbean and parts of the mainland of the Americas, and the Crown wanted Myngs to continue his strategy of employing pirates to assist him in attacking Spanish ships and towns, to seize wealth and destroy infrastructure. [2]. The waters of the bay tend to heat up in June and July, making the Bay of Campeche one of the breeding grounds for tropical storms. The concern is, as it starts to move into these warmer waters off in the southern Gulf, over the next five days really at the end of that five-day period we do have a potential of maybe seeing some development come together, said FOX Weather meteorologistJane Minar. More than half of all hurricanes and nearly 80% of major hurricanes develop in the MDR, so if this cooling trend continues, fewer major hurricanes will develop this season. Frequency of Tropical Cyclones in 5-Degree Squares during May. Scientific data reveals that over the last 500 years the area has seen a dozen earthquakes above 7.5 magnitude. oil fields lies beneath the Bay of Campeche. The ship had left England for the West Indies a few months before with a new commander, a 30-year-old man from Norfolk named Christopher Myngs. #409 ABC-CLIO, 2010. begins to increase this month with a 1-3 % risk for encountering a tropical cyclone over the Gulf of Mexico and western Caribbean Sea. Location: Campeche; Tabasco; Veracruz; Coordinates: 200000N 940000W / . Gulf of Panama. The Cantarell Complex of five oil fields lies beneath the Bay of Campeche. Tropical storm conditions are possible along the northeastern coast of Venezuela tonight and Wednesday evening. Since 2005 unusually warm Caribbean waters have been increasingly threatening Caribbean coral reefs. The Caribbean Sea is an oceanic sea largely situated on the Caribbean Plate. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Caribbean Sea as follows:[5], Note that, although Barbados is an island on the same continental shelf, it is considered to be in the Atlantic Ocean rather than the Caribbean Sea.[6]. Upper sedimentary layers relate to the period from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic (250million years ago to present) and the lower layers from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Rainfall continues to increase in the Caribbean during June, however, Aruba remains dry with Antigua and St. Maarten also being relatively dry this month. Hastings, D. and P.K. It was named by Francisco Hernndez de Crdoba and Antn de Alaminos during their expedition in 1517. The months at sea for the crew of the Marston Moor were rough not because of bad weather or run-ins with the Spanish fleet, but because their new commander was a harsh disciplinarian. Seven Seas Challenge - Place 107 seas on a map. The flagship of the pirate fleet was the HMS Centurion captained by Christopher Myngs and its vice-flagship was named the Griffin. The Bay of Campeche ( Spanish: Baha de Campeche ), or Campeche Sound, is a bight in the southern area of the Gulf of Mexico, forming the north side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Tropical Cyclones The Caribbean region has seen a significant increase in human activity since the colonization period. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. It runs 1,000 km (620 mi) along the coasts of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. The sea is one of the largest oil production areas in the world, producing approximately 170million tons[clarification needed] per year. Eakins, 2009. The project results were presented in Vienna in the forum "Water Matters", and the 2011 General Conference of said multilateral organization.[19]. The Caribbean remained like this for most of the Cenozoic until the Holocene when rising water levels of the oceans restored communication with the Atlantic Ocean. Atlantic Tropical Weather Discussion (Text) 000 AXNT20 KNHC 111026 TWDAT Tropical Weather Discussion NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL 1205 UTC Wed Jan 11 2023 Tropical Weather Discussion for North America, Central America Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, northern sections of South America, and Atlantic Ocean to the African coast from the . It was January of 1656. The Caribbean's depth in its wider basins and deep-water temperatures are similar to those of the Atlantic. National Geophysical Data Center, 1999. Bonnie remains in a low-shear and warm SST environment and is forecast to intensify during the next 12 hours prior to landfall. The beefed up defenses did the trick and Campeche enjoyed a peaceful existence for most of the rest of its history. The result of the death and dispersal of these tiny plants is called coral bleaching, and can lead to the devastation of large areas of reef. According to the NHC, the odds of tropical development are low, but regardless of what this system is called a tropical depression, tropical storm or simply an area of low pressure rain chances will increase later Friday and into Saturday as it approaches the coast of Deep South Texas. If you are planning a cruise across the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, or the Bahamas you can find out what weather to expect on your next trip or get updates on current conditions. Many descendants of these pirates still live in these areas today. Many took their Mexican loot and settled down in England or made new lives for themselves in the recently-founded English colonies on the eastern shores of North America. Famous pirates and privateers such as Sir Francis Drake, John Hawkins and Jean Lafitte had their runs at attacking Campeche, but nothing was to prepare the city for the huge armada of pirates which amassed at Jamaica in January of 1663. Bay of Campeche Caribbean Sea Honduras Gulf of Mexico Nicaragua See all related content Hurricane Mitch, hurricane ( tropical cyclone) that devastated Central America, particularly Honduras and Nicaragua, in late October 1998. Generally waves average 2-5 feet (0.5-1.5 meters), however, over the Central Caribbean 6-8 foot (2-2.5 meter) waves will prevail. At first light on the morning of February 9th, Spanish lookouts noticed the pirate ships in the bay and sounded the alarm, but it was already too late. A bight in the southern area of the Gulf of Mexico, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 41,909 square nautical miles (55,500sqmi; 143,740km. In 2003, it was the second most productive oil field in the world, then supplying about two thirds of Mexico's crude oil output, but it went into a steep decline soon thereafter. Pernetta, John. The risk diminishes to 3-5 % for the Southwest Caribbean and 2% or less for the eastern Caribbean. He was later named a vice admiral and was eventually knighted by the English king. It is surrounded on three sides by the Mexican states of Campeche, Tabasco and Veracruz. You can help Wikipedia by The risk for rough seas of 8 feet (2.4 meters) or higher is less than 10% across the Gulf of Mexico, the northwestern Caribbean and the easternmost portion of the Caribbean. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The bay is also considered the eastern border on the main migration routes for birds in the Americas.[2]. 8 am EDT Aug 16: NHC is monitoring a tropical wave over the SW Caribbean Sea that is forecast to emerge over the Bay of Campeche on Friday. In the Caribbean, 600 species of birds have been recorded, of which 163 are endemic such as todies, Fernandina's flicker and palmchat. The Cantarell Complex of five oil fields lies beneath the Bay of Campeche. expanding it. The area of the bay is 6,000 square miles (16,000km2) and maximum depth of the bay is approximately 180 feet (55m). [5], On the other hand, the bay is also known for being a hurricane "graveyard", with unusually weak steering currents in the area causing hurricanes to slow down and meander, starving themselves (for example, The risk for encountering rough seas of 8 feet (2.4 meters) or higher is less than 10% across the Gulf of Mexico, the northwestern and easternmost Caribbean, however, the risk increases to 20-30% over the central Caribbean Sea, especially north of Columbia. The Random House atlas of the oceans. RANK. Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico Follow 1,978 The Caribbean Basin covers approximately 3 million square kilometres and stretches in an arc of more than 4000km from Jamaica, near Cuba and Haiti, to Trinidad near Venezuela Security Environment Maritime security in the Caribbean Sea receives far less attention, in contrast to other regions. . In the Caribbean, sea temperatures are mostly 81-82 F (27-28 C) with the warmest waters over the westernmost Caribbean. [18], In connection with the foregoing, the Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, conducted a regional study, funded by the Department of Technical Cooperation of the International Atomic Energy Agency, in which specialists from 11 Latin American countries (Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Dominican Republic, Venezuela) plus Jamaica participated. Maritime Bookshop, specialist of nautical and pilots charts, +25,000 references. Annual variations in monthly average water temperatures at the surface do not exceed 3C (5.4F). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Bay_of_Campeche&oldid=1115301437, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map alt, Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry, Articles containing Spanish-language text, 41,909 square nautical miles (55,500sqmi; 143,740km. As seen in the graph below, the peak of the season is from mid-August to late October, however, deadly hurricanes can occur anytime in the hurricane season. And what of the 1,400 pirates who took part in the Sack of Campeche? We will email you a new password. At that time the Americas in general were unknown to most Europeans, although they had been discovered in the 10th century by the Vikings. Myngs died at sea in battle during the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1666.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mexicounexplained_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',160,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mexicounexplained_com-medrectangle-4-0'); The pirate raid on Campeche had some lasting effects. Marley, David. Bay of Campeche for Kids. Hurricane Roxanne in 1995). Price: US $11.90. Caribbean Sea. The climate of the Caribbean is driven by the low latitude and tropical ocean currents that run through it. 7840 El Cajon Blvd. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Manage Settings The bay is also considered the eastern border on the main migration routes for birds in the Americas. The English commander made good on his promise and shared the wealth he plundered from Cuba with the pirates who helped him. Jamaica, known as Santiago for over a century while under Spanish rule, had just come under English control the previous year in the early stages of the Anglo-Spanish War. Land TemperatureOverall, most Caribbean destinations see morning lows of 74-80 F (23-27 C) during July with daytime highs mostly 86-92 F (30-33 C). The surface water colour is blue-green to green. We've received your submission. The findings indicate that heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic, and lead, have been identified in the coastal zone of the Caribbean Sea. La Mesa, CA 91942. Roxanne meandered there for several days causing severe destruction along the coast of Mexico and significant damage to PEMEX's offshore infrastructure. These plants provide food for the corals and give them their color. On June 3, 1979, Ixtoc I, an exploratory oil well located in the bay, suffered a blowout that caused a catastrophic explosion, resulting in what has been ranked as the third largest unintentional oil spill in history. In 2003, it was the second most productive oil field in the world, then supplying about two thirds of Mexico's crude oil output, but it went into a steep decline soon thereafter. Gulf of Mexico, forming the north side of the During the months of June and July, the Bay of Campeche is considered one of the "hot" breeding spots for Atlantic hurricanes. ANSWER. Tropical cyclones are a threat to the nations that rim the Caribbean Sea. Rainfall during July varies quite a bit from 1.2 inches in Aruba to about 9.6 inches in Belize. During the cool La Nia phase, westerly winds high in the atmosphere weaken which tend to favor tropical cyclone activity over the North Atlantic. [14] Historically the Caribbean is thought to contain 14% of the world's coral reefs. The emergence of deep basins in the Caribbean occurred during the Middle Jurassic rifting. The Caribbean's floor is composed of sub-oceanic sediments of deep red clay in the deep basins and troughs. Bay of Campeche Information (Geography) From . Cantarell Complex of five The many pirate ships in the harbor fired their cannons and laid waste to coastal buildings as the land battle ensued. An important factor driving an active versus inactive Atlantic hurricane seasons is the strength of theAtlantic multi-decadal oscillation (AMO). The risk for tropical cyclones increases in June with the highest risk (10-17%) occurring over the Gulf of Mexico and an 8-11% in the Northwest Caribbean Sea. The Cantarell Complex of five oil fields lies beneath the Bay of Campeche. The hydrology of the sea has a high level of homogeneity. The question is will thispattern repeat itself this year or not? The city of Campeche rebuilt itself, and the Spanish, realizing the need for better fortifications invested in massive defensive works for the city. particularly over the eastern half, only to have temperatures return to warmer than normal during the late summer and autumn months. Ixtoc I, an exploratory oil well located in the bay, Hows the Weather cruising the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico during July? Iturralde-Vinent, Manuel (2004), The first inhabitants of the Caribbean , Cuban Science Network . [16] A Protocol of the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region came in effect in 1986 to protect the various endangered marine life of the Caribbean through forbidding human activities that would advance the continued destruction of such marine life in various areas. The green iguana is invasive to Grand Cayman. The Caribbean Sea has the world's second largest barrier reef, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. The Cantarell Complex of five oil fields lies beneath the Bay of Campeche. Gulf of Mexico. The mahogany is the national tree of the Dominican Republic and Belize. Bay of Campeche, also called Gulf of Campeche, Spanish Baha de Campeche, bay of the Gulf of Mexico, southern Mexico. Elder, Danny and Pernetta, John. Over the open sea can be seen frigatebirds and tropicbirds. The habitats of almost all members of the toad family, poison dart frogs, tree frogs and leptodactylidae (a type of frog) are limited to only one island. Interaction with land and fast forward motion will likely limit intensification until the system reaches the southwestern Caribbean Sea later this week when significant strengthening is possible. The months at sea for the crew of the Marston Moor were . It is surrounded on three sides by the In the Atlantic Main Development Region (MDR) SSTs cooled from mid-February to mid-April, followed by a warming trend into the second week of May which recently has reversed. The next Atlantic system to become a tropical storm with winds of at least 40 mph willearn the name Danielle. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. During the first century of European colonization, Spanish dominance in the region remained undisputed. Overall, most Caribbean destinations see morning lows of 74-80 F (23-27 C) with daytime highs 86-92 F (30-33 C). The crew were at various stages of mutiny throughout the voyage and Captain Myngs who had been at sea since the age of 13 -had a flair for quelling the insubordinate spirit of those who served under him. Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. Konstam, Angust. It used to be the second most productive oil field in the world but has since gone into a steep decline. The American yellow warbler is found in many areas, as is the green heron. Work began in 1686 and would be finished decades later. Whats the weather like cruising the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico during June? Caribbean SeaEasterly winds mostly Beaufort force 4 (11-16 knots) prevail this month except force 5 (17-21 knots) over the central Caribbean north of Columbia. Rgle de navigation : Cras, Topoplastic, Breton, Brocemer, Protractor, Easycap, Prparation d'une croisire ou tour du monde. Atlantic deep water is thought to spill into the Caribbean and contribute to the general deep water of its sea. they had been discovered in the 10th century, List of Caribbean countries by population, "Tsunamis in the Caribbean? Tabasco and The salinity of the seawater is about 3.6%, and its density is 1,023.51,024.0kg/m3 (63.9063.93lb/cuft). Oil resources . It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba, to the east by the Lesser Antilles, and to the south by the northern coast of South America. Tourism based upon scuba diving and snorkeling on coral reefs of many Caribbean islands makes a major contribution to their economies. The Cantarell Complex of five oil fields lies beneath the Bay of Campeche. stub. Cuba lies between the Caribbean Sea and this gulf. Bay of Campeche. Synonyms: Bay of Campeche; Golfo de Campeche; Gulf of Campeche Instance hypernyms: gulf (an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land; larger than a bay). In coastal zones there are coconut palms and in lagoons and estuaries are found thick areas of black mangrove and red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). 177178. Silverstein, Alvin (1998) Weather And Climate (Science Concepts); page 17. In 2003 it was the second most productive oil field in the world, then supplying about two thirds of Mexico's crude oil output, but it went into a steep decline soon thereafter. The Mona ground iguana which inhabits the island of Mona, Puerto Rico, is endangered. NOAA Pilot Chart Tropical Cyclone Frequency North Atlantic July. By Friday, however, the tropical disturbance will emerge over the Bay of Campeche in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of California seperates what peninsula from Mexico? Myngs was seen by the Spanish government as nothing less than a mass murderer or pirate and Spanish authorities appealed to the Cromwell government in England to have Myngs cease his activities in Spanish-controlled areas of the New World. Hurricane Mitch was recognized as the second deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record, after the Great Hurricane of 1780. Buccaneers 16201700, Oxford, 2000. The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000km2 (1,063,000sqmi). In the early Carboniferous movement of Gondwana to the north and its convergence with the Euramerica basin decreased in size. The caimito (Chrysophyllum cainito) grows throughout the Caribbean. Bay of Campeche. Before choosing a nautical chart, it is advised to know thespecificities and the differences between all charts. The region has several types of sea turtle (loggerhead, green turtle, hawksbill, leatherback turtle, Atlantic ridley and olive ridley). Bay of Campeche. The Yucatn Channel between Mexico and Cuba links the Gulf of Mexico with the Caribbean. Sea surface temperatures average 81-83 F (27.5-28.5 C) for most of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea this month, except 80-82 F (27-28 C) in the eastern Caribbean.. "Where do hurricanes form and where do they strike? In the early Jurassic due to powerful marine transgression, water broke into the present area of the Gulf of Mexico creating a vast shallow pool. The phase of the AMO also has a strong correlation with the number of hurricane landfalls striking Florida, the U.S. east coast and the Caribbean. Historic cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Volume 1 p.223. In October 1995, hurricane Roxanne, which formed and became a Category 3 storm in the western Caribbean Sea, crossed the Yucatan Peninsula and then entered the Bay of Campeche. Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) v.1. [5], On the other hand, the bay is also known for being a hurricane "graveyard", with unusually weak steering currents in the area causing hurricanes to slow down and meander, starving themselves (for example, Hurricane Roxanne in 1995). The deepest points of the sea lie in Cayman Trough with depths reaching approximately 7,686m (25,220ft). The Caribbean Sea had been unknown to the populations of Eurasia until 1492, when Christopher Columbus sailed into Caribbean waters on a quest to find a sea route to Asia. The hottest locations are Aruba, Cancun, Cozumel and the Caymans with afternoon high temperatures averaging at or above 90 F (32 C). Whats the weather like cruising the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico during May? What are the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea collectively known as. Over the Gulf of Mexico air temperatures average near 81-84 F (27-29 C) over the Gulf of Mexico and the western and central Caribbean Sea but 80-82 F (27-28 C) over the eastern Caribbean. By the middle of the 1600s Campeche had become one of the wealthiest cities in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, but it lacked proper defenses which made it subject to small pirate raids and petty attacks from ships of other European powers. CLUE. The AMO is a series oflong-duration changes in the sea surface temperatureof the North Atlantic Ocean, with cool and warm phases that may last for 20-40 years at a time. After his Cuban victory Christopher Myngs announced a daring plan to sack the Spanish city of San Francisco de Campeche, now the capital of the Mexican state of Campeche, a somewhat unprotected but very wealthy town in the western Yucatn on the Gulf of Mexico. The Bay of Campeche ( Spanish: Baha de Campeche ), or Campeche Sound, is a bight in the southern area of the Gulf of Mexico, forming the north side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. With most visitors to the Yucatn Peninsula making a beeline for the beach resorts on the Caribbean side, Campeche, which lies on the Gulf of Mexico coast, is often overlooked. Home Search Translate. As word spread throughout the Caribbean of Myngs planned sacking of the city, the Spanish officials of the city had also known of the imminent attack but had little time to prepare. Analysis of toxic metals and hydrocarbons is based on the investigation of coastal sediments that have accumulated less than 50 meters deep during the last hundred and fifty years. Tropical cyclones that impact the Caribbean often develop off the West coast of Africa and make their way west across the Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean, while other storms develop in the Caribbean itself. [15], The habitats supported by the reefs are critical to such tourist activities as fishing and diving, and provide an annual economic value to Caribbean nations of US$3.14.6billion. Tropical cyclones have occurred during every month, however, the vast majority of them occur between June 1stand November 30th. While stationed at Jamaica, Christopher Myngs became subcommander of the English naval flotilla based there and by 1658 he was promoted to full commander acting as what the English called a commerce raider. As a commerce raider Myngs led English naval vessels and ships manned by buccaneers to attack Spanish galleons and merchant vessels and he led a series of brutal attacks on Spanish settlements throughout the Caribbean. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, Inc. p. 178. Part of the pirate contingent arrived in Campeche Bay on the night of February 8, 1663, and 1,000 men landed a short distance from San Francisco de Campeche to take part in an overland raid. This doesnt mean that you will not experience some rough weather, however. Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. ): Mexico; United Mexican States (a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810). Dunbar. 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These figures only depict average conditions andHurricanes can originate in different locations and travel much different paths from the average. The area of the bay is 6,000 square miles (16,000km2) and maximum depth of the bay is approximately 180 feet (55m). 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The name Caribbean derives from the Caribs, one of the region's dominant Native American groups at the time of European contact during the late 15th century. The bay is also considered the eastern border on the main migration routes for birds in the Americas.[2]. hurricanes. A tropical disturbance over the southwestern Caribbean Sea has grabbed the attention of the National Hurricane Center. The deepest area within this bay is 54m (180 feet). Clay minerals likely having been deposited by the mainland river Orinoco and the Magdalena River. The risk for a tropical cyclone moving through a particular 5X5 degree square of latitude and longitude during September (the peak of the season) ranges from about 25% to about 45% across the Gulf of Mexico, Southwestern North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. Pirates strike Campeche oil platform Armed thieves attacked a privately-owned oil platform in the south of the Gulf of Mexico late Monday and made away with equipment and personal belongings of rig workers. 25 results for "bay of campeche caribbean sea gulf of california gulf of mexico" hide this ad. Bay of Campeche. Sea surface temperatures average around 77 F (25C) over the northwestern Gulf, increasing to 81-82 F (27-28C) over the Bay of Campeche and near the Yucatan Channel. 25 results for "bay of campeche gulf of honduras" hide this ad. Lake Nicaragua. [23] In the Caribbean Sea there are around 1,000 documented species of fish, including sharks (bull shark, tiger shark, silky shark and Caribbean reef shark), flying fish, giant oceanic manta ray, angel fish, spotfin butterflyfish, parrotfish, Atlantic Goliath grouper, tarpon and moray eels. The area of the bay is 6,000 square miles (16,000km2) and maximum depth of the bay is approximately 180 feet (55m). New York: Random House. There are 500 species of reptiles (94% of which are endemic). In addition, the Bahamas also see heavier rainfalls during June. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. The Caribbean Sea has the world's second largest barrier reef, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. The principal ocean current is the North Equatorial Current, which enters the region from the tropical Atlantic. In brackish water of harbours and estuaries at depths less than 2.5m (8ft 2in) widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima) grows. This page was last updated at 2022-09-03 20:51 UTC. Veracruz. Currently this protocol has been ratified by 15 countries. Many inhabitants of the city had fled and those who remained in the city fought fiercely. The island of Jamaica is home to seals and manatees. A bight in the southern area of the Gulf of Mexico, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Salina Cruz Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Mexico) - Weather Spark", "Where do hurricanes form and where do they strike? URL accessed on 28/07/2007. Caribbean SeaEasterly winds mostly Beaufort force 4 (11-16 knots) prevail this month, except forces 4-5 (11-21 knots) prevail over the central Caribbean north of Columbia. D'Urville Sea is a sea of the Southern Ocean, north of the coast of Adlie Land, East Antarctica [1]. The Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) over the Atlantic Main Development Region (MDR) have been cooling since mid February, especially in the eastern half of the region. Frequency Occurrence of Tropical Cyclones in June (SST shown in Green), Visible satellite image Hurricane Dorian Sept. 1, 2019 making landfall on Elbow Cay in The Bahamas. Guide to the Oceans. The Pan American Health Organization estimated in 1993 that only about 10% of the sewage from the Central American and Caribbean Island countries is properly treated before being released into the sea. Plunge has significant ecological consequences, Conservation International Caribbean Islands, An Overview of Land Based Sources of Marine Pollution, Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean: Economic Valuation Methodology, Guide to Marine Life: Caribbean-Bahamas-Florida, Defying Ocean's End: An Agenda For Action, Center For Advanced Study on Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Sea&oldid=1130399616, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map alt, Articles using infobox body of water without alt bathymetry, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Haitian Creole-language text, Articles containing Jamaican Patois-language text, Articles containing Papiamento-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 00:26. 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Peak of Atlantic hurricane season begins in August, Heres why the Atlantic hurricane season runs from June to November, Where tropical storms and hurricanes typically occur during each month. Any development will be slow to occur over the next few days, so this is nothing to be overly concerned about right now. The tropical rainforest climates include lowland areas near the Caribbean Sea from Costa Rica north to Belize, as well as the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, while the more seasonal dry tropical savanna climates are found in Cuba, northern Venezuela, and southern Yucatn, Mexico. Stretched canvas Belem, Etoile, Belle Poule, Hemione, Recouvrance, Pen Duick, Placemat, napkin, tablecloth, stop gliss marine decoration, specificities and the differences between all charts, Egyptian National Hyudrographic Department, Admiralty - 197 - North West Approaches to Saint Lucia, Admiralty - 255 - Eastern Approaches to Jamaica, Admiralty - 256 - Western Approaches to Jamaica, Admiralty - 257 - Harbours on the South Coast of Jamaica, Admiralty - 258 - Ports and Anchorages on the South Coast of Jamaica, Admiralty - 260 - Pedro Bank to the South Coast of Jamaica, Admiralty - 364 - Approaches to Tampico and Altamira, Admiralty - 371 - Northern Martinique Pointe Caracoli to Fort-de-France, Admiralty - 396 - Barranquilla to Miskito Bank, Admiralty - 410 - Bahia del Mariel and Approaches, Admiralty - 417 - Cayo Arenas to La Habana, Admiralty - 418 - La Habana to Bahia de Cardenas, Admiralty - 444 - Bahia de Cienfuegos and Approaches, Admiralty - 456 - Approaches to Kingston Harbour, Admiralty - 459 - Harbours on the North Coast of Jamaica, Admiralty - 464 - Montego Bay and Ocho Rios Bay, Admiralty - 466 - Port-au-Prince and Approaches, Admiralty - 468 - Cruise terminals in the Caribbean, Amber Cove, Dominican Republic and Grand Turk, Turks ans Caicos, Admiralty - 471 - Cabo Caucedo to Isla Alto Velo, Admiralty - 474 - Port of Spain and Approaches, Admiralty - 475 - Ports in the Gulf of Paria, Admiralty - 486 - Jamaica and the Pedro Bank, Admiralty - 487 - Saint Christopher (Saint Kitts), Sint Eustatius and Saba, Admiralty - 491 - Harbours and Anchorages in Guadeloupe, Admiralty - 494 - Southern Martinique Fort-de-France to Pointe Caracoli, Admiralty - 499 - Harbours in Saint Lucia, Admiralty - 500 - North East Approaches to Trinidad, Admiralty - 503 - Roatan (Coxen Hole) including Dixon Cove (Mahogany Bay) and French Harbour, Admiralty - 513 - Isla de Roatan to Puerto Cortes, Admiralty - 522 - Belize City and Approaches, Admiralty - 525 - Boca Grande Key to Dry Tortugas, Admiralty - 583 - Sombrero Island to Saint Christopher (Saint Kitts), Admiralty - 584 - Saint Barthelemy to Antigua, Admiralty - 585 - Nevis and Antigua to Northern Guadeloupe, Admiralty - 593 - Approaches to Guadeloupe, Admiralty - 594 - Southern Guadeloupe to Northern Martinique, Admiralty - 596 - Southern Martinique to Saint Vincent, Admiralty - 597 - Saint Vincent to Grenada, Admiralty - 605 - Bluefields Bluff to Man of War Cays, Admiralty - 618 - Southern Guadeloupe including Marie-Galante and Les Saintes, Admiralty - 662 - Isla de Guanaja to Isla Cozumel including the Gulf of Honduras, Admiralty - 791 - Saint Vincent to Bequia, Admiralty - 793 - The Grenadines - Northern Part, Admiralty - 794 - The Grenadines - Central Part, Admiralty - 795 - The Grenadines - Southern Part, Admiralty - 799 - Kingstown Harbour and Approaches, Admiralty - 959 - Colson Point to Belize City including Lighthouse Reef and Turneffe Islands, Admiralty - 1025 - Lesser Antilles Anguilla to Guadeloupe, Admiralty - 1042 - Montserrat to Saint Lucia, Admiralty - 1043 - Saint Lucia to Grenada and Barbados, Admiralty - 1044 - Trinidad and Tobago to Archipielago Los Testigos including Grenada, Admiralty - 1045 - Approaches to Trinidad and the Rio Orinoco, Admiralty - 1098 - Lower Matecumbe Key to Boca Grande Key, Admiralty - 1139 - San Juan Del Norte (Greytown) to Bluefields Bluff, Admiralty - 1217 - Straits of Florida South Part, Admiralty - 1220 - Gulf of Honduras and Yucatan Channel, Admiralty - 1276 - Bahia Santa Marta to Punta Canoas, Admiralty - 1277 - Punta Canoas to Isla Fuerte, Admiralty - 1278 - Isla Fuerte to Cabo Tiburon including Golfo de Uraba, Admiralty - 1400 - Outer Approaches To Puerto Cristobal, Admiralty - 1412 - Ports in Aruba and Curacao, Admiralty - 1498 - Puerto La Cruz and Approaches, Admiralty - 1520 - Canal de Maracaibo Northern Part, Admiralty - 1521 - Canal de Maracaibo Southern Part, Admiralty - 1628 - Puerto Cabello and Approaches, Admiralty - 1629 - Ports and Anchorages on the Coast of Venezuela, Admiralty - 1797 - Monkey River to Colson Point, Admiralty - 1798 - Ports on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica, Admiralty - 1966 - Carupano to Punta Gallinas including Isla de Aves, Admiralty - 2003 - Virgin Passage and Sonda de Vieques, Admiralty - 2005 - Road Harbour to Capella Islands, Admiralty - 2006 - Anegada to Saint Thomas, Admiralty - 2016 - Puerto Rico to Leeward Islands, Admiralty - 2020 - Harbours and Anchorages in the British Virgin Islands, Admiralty - 2079 - Ports and Anchorages in Anguilla, Sint Maarten (Saint Martin) and Saint Barthelemy, Admiralty - 2190 - Punta Salinas to Punta Cardon, Admiralty - 2191 - Morro de Puerto Santo to Cabo Codera including the outlying islands, Admiralty - 2192 - Cabo Codera to Punta Aguide including the Outlying Islands, Admiralty - 2193 - Punta San Juan to Punta Macolla including Bonaire- Curacao and Aruba, Admiralty - 2194 - Punta Macolla to Punta Gallinas including Golfo De Venezuela, Admiralty - 2195 - Punta Gallinas to Bahia de Santa Marta, Admiralty - 2261 - Puerto Barranquilla and Approaches, Admiralty - 2267 - Ports on the North Coast of Colombia, Admiralty - 2417 - Harbours on the North Coast of Central America, Admiralty - 2425 - River Hueson to False Cape including Morrison and Mosquito Cays, Admiralty - 2600 - Mona Passage to Dominica, Admiralty - 2751 - Approaches to Coatzacoalcos and Pajaritos, Admiralty - 2846 - Punta Francs to Punta Maria Aguilar including Cayman Ridge, Admiralty - 2848 - Formigas Bank to Punta Cabeza del Este including Lesser Caymans, Admiralty - 2866 - Cape Canaveral to Key West including the Western Part of the Bahama Banks, Admiralty - 2881 - Key West Harbor and Approaches, Admiralty - 2943 - Jamaica and Pedro Bank, Admiralty - 2988 - Ports in the Gulf of Honduras, Admiralty - 2996 - Cuba to Bahama Islands Including Straits of Florida, Admiralty - 3111 - Atlantic Entrance to Panama Canal including Adjacent Ports, Admiralty - 3148 - St Joseph and St Andrew Bays, Admiralty - 3149 - Approaches to Pensacola Bay, Admiralty - 3151 - Approaches to Pascagoula and Gulfport, Admiralty - 3183 - Approaches to Galveston Bay, Admiralty - 3184 - Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Admiralty - 3186 - Houston Ship Channel Pelican Island to Barbours Cut, Admiralty - 3187 - Houston Ship Channel Morgans Point to Carpenters Bayou, Admiralty - 3188 - Houston Ship Channel Carpenters Bayou to Houston Turning Basin, Admiralty - 3190 - Calcasieu Pass and Approaches to Lake Charles, Admiralty - 3192 - Sabine Pass and Approaches to Port Arthur and Beaumont, Admiralty - 3382 - Mississippi River Southwest Pass to New Orleans, Admiralty - 3384 - New Orleans to Baton Rouge, Admiralty - 3689 - Eastern Part of Haiti to Puerto Rico including Mona Passage, Admiralty - 3768 - Brownsville to Altamira, Admiralty - 3847 - Approaches to Tampa Bay, Admiralty - 3849 - Brazos Santiago to Galveston Bay, Admiralty - 3850 - Galveston Bay to Ship Shoal, Admiralty - 3851 - Ship Shoal to Pensacola Bay, Admiralty - 3852 - Pensacola Bay to Tampa Bay, Admiralty - 3854 - Freeport to Calcasieu Pass, Admiralty - 3856 - Loop Deepwater Port Louisiana Offshore Oil Port, Admiralty - 3857 - Southern Approaches to the Mississippi River, Admiralty - 3858 - Pass a Loutre to Dauphin Island, Admiralty - 3896 - Approaches to Port Fourchon, Admiralty - 3935 - Windward Passage and Southern Approaches, Admiralty - 4012 - North Atlantic Ocean Southern Part, Admiralty - 4051 - North Pacific Ocean South Eastern Part, Admiralty - 4403 - South East Coast of North America including the Bahama Islands and Greater Antilles. On June 3, 1979, Ixtoc I, an exploratory oil well located in the bay, suffered a blowout that caused a catastrophic explosion, resulting in what has been ranked as the third largest unintentional oil spill in history. Francisco Hernndez de Crdoba and Below are monthly charts showing the most likely areas and tracks for tropical cyclones. The climate of the area is tropical, varying from tropical rainforest in some areas to tropical savanna in others. The Bay of Campeche (Spanish: Bahia de Campeche) is the southern bight of the bodies of water of the Gulf of Mexico. [30], Sea of the Atlantic Ocean bounded by North, Central and South America. If a tropical storm or hurricane is moving through or forecast to move through their area of operations, they will reroute the ship to avoid the storm or direct the vessel to a different port of call. The city had always been very poorly fortified. In 2003, it was the second most productive oil field in the world, then supplying about two thirds of Mexico's crude oil output, but it went into a steep decline soon thereafter.. On June 3, 1979, Ixtoc I, an exploratory oil well located in the bay, suffered a blowout that caused a catastrophic explosion . length: 152 nautical miles (175 mi; 282 km) Max. Condition: Pre-owned. Special Report: Hurricanes and Climate Change, Judith Curry, National Center for Atmospheric Research: Climate Data Guide, QUALITATIVE DISCUSSION OF ATLANTIC BASIN SEASONAL HURRICANE ACTIVITY FOR 2022,Colorado State University, THE INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF HURRICANE ACTIVITY IN THE ATLANTIC AND EAST PACIFIC REGIONS, El Nio & La Nia (El Nio-Southern Oscillation), Posted onApril 8, 2022byFred Pickhardt. This Mexico location article is a Warm, moist trade winds blow consistently from the east, creating both rainforest and semi-arid climates across the region. [13] Among them stands out the Belize Barrier Reef, with an area of 963km2 (372sqmi), which was declared a World Heritage Site in 1996. Region 1: North Atlantic-Appalachian Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) Region 3: Great Lakes Region 4: Mississippi Basin Region 5: Missouri Basin Region 6: Arkansas-Rio Grande-Texas-Gulf Region 7: Upper Colorado Basin Region 8: Lower Colorado Basin Region 9: Columbia-Pacific Northwest The Caribbean sea floor is also home to two oceanic trenches: the Cayman Trench and Puerto Rico Trench, which put the area at a high risk of earthquakes. The Bay of Campeche (Spanish: Golfo de Campeche) (sometimes confused with Baha de Campeche [citation needed]) is the southern bight of the Bodies of water of the Gulf of Mexico.It is surrounded on three sides by the Mexican states of Campeche, Tabasco and Veracruz.It was named by Francisco Hernndez de Crdoba and Antonio de Alaminos during their expedition in 1517. At the end of the morning the Spanish suffered 50 casualties with hundreds wounded, and the pirates had lost only 30 men of their attack force of 1,400. What peninsula separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico? According to Birdlife International in 2006 in Cuba 29 species of bird are in danger of extinction and two species officially extinct. The larger islands in the northern part of the sea Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico lie on an older island arc. Was US $14.00. Marley, David. Development of tropical cyclones requires heat energy from the ocean surface and generally requires SSTs of at least 26.5 C (80 F). After Christopher Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492, the Spanish term Antillas applied to the lands; stemming from this, Sea of the Antilles became a common alternative name for "Caribbean Sea" in various European languages. The next stage of the Caribbean Sea's formation began in the Triassic. bight in the southern area of the The dye was also a tempting target for Caribbean pirates and thieves, and as a result the city was attacked many times during the 17th century. You will find the full nautical charts catalog Admiralty Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico for sale in our nautical bookshop Nautic Way. The Bay of Campeche is part of the Gulf of Mexico and lies in-between the Mexican states of Campeche, which it is named after; Tabasco and Veracruz. All 170 species of amphibians that live in the region are endemic. Mexican It is estimated that 13,000 species of plants grow in the Caribbean of which 6,500 are endemic. It was January of 1656. [1] On the other hand, the bay is also known for being a hurricane "graveyard", with unusually weak steering currents in the area causing hurricanes to slow down and meander, starving themselves (for example, Hurricane Roxanne in 1995). Potential Tropical Cyclone Twocontinues to produce vigorous deep convection and also exhibits some banding features, however, reports from an Air Force Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicate that there is no well-defined center of circulation. Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 668: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Over the past 50years, the Caribbean has gone through three stages: cooling until 1974, a cold phase with peaks during 19741976 and 19841986, and finally a warming phase with an increase in temperature of 0.6C (1.1F) per year. The risk for rough seas of 8 feet (2.4 meters) or higher is less than 10% across the Gulf of Mexico, the northwestern and the easternmost Caribbean, however, the risk increases to 30-45% over the central Caribbean Sea, especially north of Columbia. "Pre-owned in great condition, only light wear from use; plenty of life left.". The Bay of Campeche ( The region has a high level of biodiversity and many species are endemic to the Caribbean. On June 3 1979 Ixtoc I an exploratory oil well located in the bay suffered a blowout that caused a catastrophic explosion resulting in what has been ranked as the third largest unintentional oil spill in history. The emergence of these basins marked the beginning of the Atlantic Ocean and contributed to the destruction of Pangaea at the end of the late Jurassic. The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays: the Gulf of Gonve, Gulf of Venezuela, Gulf of Darin, Golfo de los Mosquitos, Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras. In recent years we have seen a cool pattern of SST anomalies develop during the winter months over the MDR. The Caribbean Sea is separated from the ocean by several island arcs of various ages. Your email address will not be published. View original page. By the end of 1662, Myngs and his small fleet of pirate ships attacked the heavily fortified city of Santiago de Cuba, a settlement on the southern part of the island of Cuba founded by the Spanish in 1515. St. John's Bay Caribbean Sea Rum T-Shirt Travel Alcohol Orange Men's M Pre-owned. When the attack fleet gathered at Port Royal, Jamaica including ships of French and Dutch privateers it was the largest contingent of pirates ever assembled. There is a low (about 1%) risk for encountering gale wind forces 8-9 (34-47 knots) over the central Caribbean north of the Columbian coast during July. The Thats when an area of low pressure could form. This article about a specific oceanic location or ocean current is a stub. Over the northwestern Caribbean, winds tend to be more from the east to east-southeast force 4 (11-16 knots). This means that the risk for being near a tropical cyclone at the height of the hurricane season is less than 2% for any given day. It is being monitored for possible tropical development as it moves toward the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Guide des feux et signaux de brume version papier, Carte NGA - National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, Carte ENHD - Egyptian National Hydrographic Department, Carte NHS - Norwegian Hydrographic Service, Carte HHI - Hrvatski Hidrografski Institut. [9] It is assumed the proto-caribbean basin existed in the Devonian period. Soon after the Spanish conquest of the area, San Francisco de Campeche became an important port on its own unique path of development as it was located far from the centralized Spanish authority in Mexico City. The risk for rough seas (8ft or higher) increases in winter up to 40 percent. During the months of June and July, the Bay of Campeche is considered one of the "hot" breeding spots for Atlantic hurricanes. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, Inc. pp. The Caribbean Tourism Organization calculates that about 12million people a year visit the area, including (in 19911992) about 8million cruise ship tourists. It is surrounded on three sides by the Mexican states of Campeche, Tabasco and Veracruz. The wall had two gates, a sea gate and a land gate. The Gulf of Mexico lies to the northwest. While landfalls are infrequent, the resulting loss of life and property damage makes them a significant hazard to life in the Caribbean. Higher rainfalls are likely in Central America, especially Belize and Costa Rica. The rhinoceros iguana from the island of Hispaniola which is shared between Haiti and the Dominican Republic is also endangered. The hottest locations are Aruba, Cancun, Cozumel and the Caymans with afternoon high temperatures averaging at or above 90 F (32 C). It runs along the Caribbean coasts of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. [29], Human activity in the area also accounts for a significant amount of pollution. Sea surface temperatures in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico arein the mid-80s, which is more than sufficient to support the development of a tropical depression or tropical storm. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. suffered a blowout that caused a catastrophic explosion, resulting in what has been ranked as the third largest unintentional oil spill in history. (1991). Another type shoal grass (Halodule wrightii) grows on sand and mud surfaces at depths of up to 5m (16ft). The authorities in London turned a blind eye to Myngs misdeeds until word reached them that he had been sharing the loot from his plundering adventures 50-50 with the pirates who had sailed with him on his raids. A tropical disturbance over the southwestern Caribbean Sea has grabbed the attention of the National Hurricane Center. [24] Their populations have been greatly reduced since the 17th century the number of green turtles has declined from 91million to 300,000 and hawksbill turtles from 11million to less than 30,000 by 2006.[25]. The risk for gale force winds is very low for both the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico this month. These changes are natural and have been occurring for at least the last 1,000 years. Tropical storm conditions are expected on San Andres today, along the Caribbean coasts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua within the Tropical Storm Warning areas by this evening, and along the Pacific coasts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua overnight and early Saturday. 25 results for "bay of campeche caribbean sea gulf of california gulf of mexico", Bay of Campeche, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico, International and Coastal Border: Canada, US, Mexico, City on the Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico. This Mexico location article is a stub. Some gradual development is possible while the system . Powerful rifting led to the formation of narrow troughs, stretching from modern Newfoundland to the west coast of the Gulf of Mexico which formed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Isthmus of Tehuantepec. D'Urville Sea in Eastern Antarctica. Amante, C. and B.W. Virtually all temperature extremes were associated with the phenomena of El Nio and La Nia. The disturbance that has been tracking across the southern Caribbean Sea has intensified into Tropical Storm Bonnie based on an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter finding a well-defined circulation center located about 100 n mi east of the Nicaragua coast. 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