jonestown: terror in the jungle wiki

[216], Although Jones used poisoned Flavor Aid, the drink mix was also commonly (mistakenly) referred to as Kool-Aid. We are here living communally. (2 episodes, 2018) Series Production Design by Jen K. Messer . The buildings were mostly destroyed by a fire in the mid-1980s, after which the ruins were left to decay and be reclaimed by the jungle. [90], Jones' paranoia and drug usage increased in Jonestown as he became fearful of a government raid on the commune, citing concerns that the community would not be able to resist an attack. [95] Jones made radio broadcasts stating "we will die unless we are granted freedom from harassment and asylum. [54][55] This also comported with the Temple's practice of gradually subjecting its followers to sophisticated mind control and behavior modification techniques borrowed from Kim Il-sung's Korea and Mao Zedong's China. [180] This observation concurs with the testimony of Clayton, who, having previously fled into the jungle, heard the same sounds as he was sneaking back into Jonestown to retrieve his passport. [155], Meanwhile, some passengers had boarded the larger Twin Otter. This page was last modified 21:55, 9 January 2020. James Warren Jones. [30][31][32], In 1974, after traveling to an area of northwestern Guyana with Guyanese officials, Jones and the Temple negotiated a lease of over 3,800 acres (1,500ha) of land in the jungle located 150 miles (240km) west of the Guyanese capital of Georgetown. [56] Jones would often read news and commentary, including items from Radio Moscow and Radio Havana,[57] and was known to side with the Soviets over the Chinese during the Sino-Soviet split. However, no determination was made as to whether those injections initiated the introduction of poison or whether they were so-called "relief" injections to quicken death and reduce suffering from convulsions from those who had previously taken poison orally. [citation needed], Just before the start of the final meeting in the pavilion, Garry and Lane were told that the people were angry with them. Reiterman, Tim, "Peoples Temple's $26 million financial empire", Pear, Richard. [14] Though its roots and teachings shared more with Christian revival movements than with Marxism, it purported to practice what it called "apostolic socialism". [51] Buildings fell into disrepair and weeds encroached on fields. During the Siege, Jones spoke to Temple members about attacks from outsiders and had them surround Jonestown with guns and machetes. [151] There were perhaps nine shooters whose identities are not all certainly known, but most sources agree that Joe Wilson, Stanley Gieg, Thomas Kice Sr., and Ronnie Dennis were among them. But the Peoples Temple was the cult-uber-ales, which ended in the murder-suicide of almost a thousand of its members; and even this is mostly on the record, including live action footage taken as Jones's followers shot and killed a U.S. representative. [212] The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence investigated the event and announced that there was no evidence of CIA involvement at Jonestown. One of the main tactics was to speak of the advantages of their American presence near Guyana's disputed border with Venezuela. His followers soon realize it's not the utopia their leader promised. [217], In 1979, Joseph Hollinger, a former aide to Congressman Leo Ryan, claimed that Jonestown was a "mass mind control experiment" conducted by the CIA. He warned us that the time was not far off when it would become necessary for us to die by our own hands. [36][181], The only medical doctor to initially examine the scene at Jonestown was Mootoo, who visually examined over 200 bodies and later told a Guyanese coroner's jury of having seen needle marks on at least 70. Sign up for a free trial to watch Jonestown: Terror in the Jungle and other popular TV shows, classic movies, AMC+ Originals and more. When asked directly about parallels to the current president, Guinn explained that all religious and political leaders are demagogues to some extent, using fear and separatism to obtain the loyalty of followers. Clayton said that Jones approached people to encourage them to drink the poison and that, after adults saw the poison begin to take effect, "they showed a reluctance to die. [194][195] The last shipment of bodies arrived early on the morning of November 27, 1978. [27] He was skillful in presenting the Guyanese government the benefits of allowing the Peoples Temple to establish a settlement in the country. No other specific reference is made to the events of the day. Jones, Jim. This invariably meant damning criticisms of perceived capitalist propaganda in Western material, and glowing praise for and highlighting of MarxistLeninist messages in material from communist nations.[57]. Documentary that explores the circumstances that led to the deaths of more than 900 men, women and children in 1978 at the People's Temple in northern Guyana. [52] After Jones arrived, however, Jonestown life significantly changed. Members are captivated; his lust for power becomes unstoppable. [157], The first few seconds of the shooting were captured on U-Matic ENG videotape by NBC cameraman Bob Brown, who was killed along with Robinson, Harris, and Temple defector Patricia Parks in the few minutes of shooting. Season 1. As we passed through the line, we were given a small glass of red liquid to drink. Fearing further repercussions, he moved his loyal followers to a remote jungle settlement in Guyana, claiming they would create a utopia there. "[198] Acquittal in a Guyanese court did not free Layton, who was promptly deported back to the U.S. and arrested by the US Marshals Service upon arrival in San Francisco. The Temple produced memoranda discussing potential places within the U.S.S.R. in which they might settle. Rhodes described a scene of both hysteria and confusion as parents watched their children die from the poison. I tell you, I don't care how many screams you hear, I don't care how many anguished cries death is a million times preferable to 10 more days of this life. They were led to their deaths by cult leader Jim Jones, a charismatic preacher who turned into an egomaniacal demagogue. [219], According to Religious Studies scholar Rebecca Moore, "In the twenty-three years since the deaths in Jonestown, conspiracy theories have blossomed in number and sophistication. The press exposes the dark side of Jones, causing a mass exodus to Jonestown. [190] It took several hours before the eleven wounded and others in their party gathered themselves together. [198] He was convicted of conspiracy and of aiding and abetting the murder of Ryan and of the attempted murder of Dwyer. [199], The event was covered heavily by the media, and photographs pertaining to it adorned newspaper and magazine covers for months after its occurrence. [127], Only Ryan, Speier, Lane and Garry were initially accepted into Jonestown, while the rest of Ryan's group was allowed in after sunset. "[40] Jones' wife Marceline described Jonestown as "dedicated to live for socialism, total economic and racial and social equality. English. In addition to McElvane, several other Temple members gave speeches praising Jones and his decision for the community to commit suicide, even after Jones stopped appreciating this praise and begged for the process to go faster. Broadcast to mark the 40th anniversary of the Jonestown deaths. Pas : USA USA We were told that the liquid contained poison and that we would die within 45 minutes. Methods included imprisonment in a 6-by-4-by-3-foot (1.83m 1.22m 0.91m) plywood box and forcing children to spend a night at the bottom of a well, sometimes upside-down. [120], Jones often mentioned chronic insomnia; he would often say he went for three or four days without any rest. On 18th November 1978, over 900 men, women and children lost their lives at Jonestown, a remote settlement established by the People's Temple in northern Guyana. Political scientist Janos Radvanyi cites the book as an example of Soviet active measures during the 1980s that "spread both disinformation stories and enemy propaganda against the United States", adding, "It's hard to imagine that anyone could believe so ridiculous a story". [112] The repercussions were devastating for the Temple's reputation, and made most former supporters more suspicious of the Temple's claims that it was the victim of a "rightist vendetta". [58], "Discussion" about current events often took the form of Jones interrogating individual followers about the implications and subtexts of a given news item, or delivering lengthy and often confused monologues on how to "read" certain events. Sensing the end, Jones triggered a tragic chain of events, forcing his followers to a dark conclusion. Gouveia also led the team to the former site of the pavilion, where they found the remains of a steel drum, an organ, and a bed of daisies growing where the bodies once lay. [132] Harris brought two notes, one of them Gosney's, to Ryan and Speier. According to Speier in 2006, reading the notes caused her and the congressman to realize that "something was very, very wrong. Jones. [176] They were later released in Georgetown. [172][173] Cries and screams of children and adults were easily heard on the tape recording made. The damaged Twin Otter and the injured Ryan delegation members were left behind on the airstrip. [98], In Georgetown, the Peoples Temple conducted frequent meetings with the embassies of the Soviet Union, North Korea, Yugoslavia, and Cuba. [34] Later payoffs helped safeguard shipments of firearms and drugs through Guyanese customs. [176] The envelope contained two passports and three instructional letters, the first of which was to Timofeyev, stating: Dear Comrade Timofeyev, Unable to support a growing number of followers, the Jonestown project quickly began to implode. Sociopolitical Documentary hosted by Shan Nicholson, more EPISODE 2 On the Run The press exposes the dark side of Jim Jones, causing a mass exodus to Jonestown. A tractor with a trailer attached, driven by members of the Temple's Red Brigade security squad, arrived at the airstrip and approached the Twin Otter. The revolution will be televised. [22] In the early 1970s, the Temple opened other branches in Los Angeles and San Francisco, and would eventually move its headquarters to San Francisco. Recordings of commune meetings show how livid and frustrated Jones would get when anyone did not find the films interesting or did not understand the message Jones was placing upon them. [68] This "torture hole", along with beatings, became the subject of rumor among local Guyanese. The last line, "We died because you would not let us live in peace," is written in different color ink. [91] Jones would call "Alert, Alert, Alert" over the community loudspeaker to call the community together in the central pavilion. [37], Jones reached an agreement to guarantee that Guyana would permit Temple members' mass migration. ", which indicated to Reid that Mondale had a personal interest in Jones' well-being.[48]. Please be sure that these assets do get to the USSR. 'Slavery of Faith': Survivor recounts escape from Jonestown, "Jonestown massacre memories linger amid rumors of CIA link", "Congressional Foreign Affairs Committee report on Ryan's assassination", "Guyana Inquest Interviews of Cecil Roberts, Cyril Mootoo, Odell Rhodes, and others", "Jonestown Autopsies: Carolyn Moore Layton", "The Jonestown Death Tape (FBI No. This second title was only briefly used, and 'White Night' was adopted soon thereafter. [106] Following the visit, Temple members met almost weekly with Timofeyev to discuss a potential Soviet exodus. Tim Carter and his brother Mike, aged 30 and 20, and Mike Prokes, 31, were given luggage containing $550,000 in U.S. currency, $130,000 in Guyanese currency, and an envelope, which they were told to deliver to the Soviet embassy in Georgetown. [53] In mid-1978, after Jones' health deteriorated and his wife began managing more of Jonestown's operations, the work week was reduced to eight hours a day for five days a week. Q 042) (November 18 1978)", "The Assassination of Representative Leo J. Ryan and the Jonestown, Guyana Tragedy", "Davisville, 8/4/14: Listening to a survivor, and the story, of Jonestown", The Black Hole of Guyana:The Untold Story of the Jonestown Massacre, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonestown&oldid=1131473747, Larry Layton (Cessna attack), Peoples Temple Red Brigade (attack on Twin Otter). [128] That night, they attended a musical reception in the settlement's main pavilion. [202] Guyanese political opposition seized the opportunity to embarrass Prime Minister Burnham by establishing an inquest which concluded that Burnham was responsible for the deaths at Jonestown. [151][153] When the entourage reached the airstrip between 4:30p.m. and 4:45p.m., the planes had not appeared as scheduled. For days on end, frightened townsfolk ringed the commune, armed with machetes and whatever crude tools would serve as weapons. The group, which included Congressman Ryan's daughter Patricia, was involved in various personal, social and legal battles with a range of religious organizations, from The Family International and Scientology to David Koresh's Branch Davidians, where they were found to be influential on law enforcement's concerns for children in the eventual Waco siege in 1993. Topics. [161] After consuming the poison, according to Rhodes, people were then escorted away down a wooden walkway leading outside the pavilion. Jones' reputation" with "apparent bold-faced lies". [174] His death was caused by a gunshot wound to his left temple that Guyanese Chief Medical Examiner Leslie Mootoo stated was consistent with being self-inflicted. [33] The site, located near the disputed border with Venezuela, was isolated and had soil of low fertility, even by Guyanese standards. Jones' recorded readings of the news were part of the constant broadcasts over Jonestown's tower speakers, such that all members could hear them throughout the day and night. [187] Later, after police arrived at the headquarters, Sharon escorted her children, Liane (21), Christa (11), and Martin (10), into a bathroom. "[17][18] Jones had an interest in Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Adolf Hitler from a young age, and would later frequently praise Stalin and Vladimir Lenin as heroes. ", "Jonestown Survivor Laura Johnston Kohl AllOutAttack Podcast w/ Harry Robinson #2", "Jones plotted cyanide deaths years before Jonestown", "Rhetoric, Revolution and Resistance in Jonestown, Guyana", "Q759 Transcript Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple", "Edith Roller Journals: April 1978 Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple", "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 352.". officials". Several people fell into the river, suffering injuries. Found near Marceline Jones' body was a typewritten note, dated November 18, 1978, signed by Marceline and witnessed by Moore and Maria Katsaris, stating: I, Marceline Jones, leave all bank assets in my name to the Communist Party of the USSR. If you knew what was ahead of you if you knew what was ahead of you, you'd be glad to be stepping over tonight. He also said. Buy Jonestown: Terror in the Jungle, Season 1 - Microsoft Store Jim Jones forms The Peoples Temple. [165], According to escaped Temple member Odell Rhodes, the first to take the poison were Ruletta Paul and her one-year-old infant. [8][13], The Peoples Temple was formed by Jim Jones in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1955. [169] That night, Clayton stayed with a local Guyanese family and travelled to Port Kaituma the next morning. [77][78], African Americans made up approximately 70% of Jonestown's population. Jones explained that the poison was not real and that we had just been through a loyalty test. It's based on theJeff Guinness book about the massacre, and Guinness is perhaps the most prominent talking head. "[40] Jones wanted to construct a model community and claimed that Burnham "couldn't rave enough about us, the wonderful things we do, the project, the model of socialism". Directly after this, Jones stated that "the Red Brigade's the only one that made any sense anyway," and, "the Red Brigade showed them justice." The entourage had originally scheduled a 19-passenger Twin Otter from Guyana Airways to fly them back to Georgetown. [169] Stanley Clayton also witnessed mothers with their babies first approach the tub containing the poison. [63] All voice communications with San Francisco and Georgetown were transmitted using this radio, from mundane supply orders to confidential Temple business. [34] The nearest body of water was seven miles (eleven kilometres) away by muddy roads. See production, box office & company info, Self - author of 'The Road to Jonestown: Jim Jones and Peoples Temple', Self - author of 'Hearing the Voices of Jonestown', Self - journalist, San Francisco Chronicle, Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple, Ministry of Evil: The Twisted Cult of Tony Alamo, Atlanta's Missing and Murdered: The Lost Children. The following is a letter of instructions regarding all of our assets that we want to leave to the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Jones's excessive drug use, irrational behaviour and the isolation of his followers raises the alarm back home. Schacht had been researching the best ways for a person to die in advance of the foreseen mass suicide. [44] In that meeting, Dymally agreed to pass on the message to the State Department that socialist Guyana wanted to keep an open door to cooperation with the U.S.[44] Dymally followed up that meeting with a letter to Burnham stating that Jones was "one of the finest human beings" and that Dymally was "tremendously impressed" by his visit to Jonestown. Documentary series that examines the Jonestown Massacre 40 years later. Many contemporary media accounts after the events called the deaths a mass suicide. [107] Tim Stoen engaged in letter-writing campaigns to the U.S. Secretary of State and the Guyanese government, and traveled to Washington, D.C. to attempt to begin an investigation. [51] School study and nighttime lectures for adults turned to Jones' discussions about revolution and enemies, with lessons focusing on Soviet alliances, Jones' crises, and the purported "mercenaries" sent by Tim Stoen, who had defected from the Temple and turned against the group. [117] In September 1978, Lane spoke to the residents of Jonestown, providing support for Jones' theories and comparing him to famed civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King Jr.[117], Lane then held press conferences stating that "none of the charges" against the Temple "are accurate or true" and that there was a "massive conspiracy" against the Temple by "intelligence organizations," naming the CIA, the FBI, and even the U.S. [176][177], The letters included listed accounts with balances totaling in excess of $7.3million to be transferred to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Please help us get out of Jonestown. Three high-ranking Temple survivors claimed they were given an assignment and thereby escaped death. Guyanese soldiers eventually found them. [39], Jonestown was held up as a benevolent communist community, with Jones stating: "I believe we're the purest communists there are. [99], Sharon Amos, Michael Prokes, Matthew Blunt, Timothy Regan,[100] and other Temple members took active roles in the "Guyana-Korea Friendship Society", which sponsored two seminars on the revolutionary concepts of Kim Il Sung. [99], Meanwhile, in late 1977 and early 1978, Tim and Grace Stoen participated in meetings with other relatives of Jonestown residents at the home of Jeannie Mills, another Temple defector. [65] Temple members lived in small communal houses, some with walls woven from Troolie palm, and ate meals that reportedly consisted of nothing more on some days than rice, beans, greens, and occasionally meat, sauce, and eggs. [213] Others suggested KGB involvement, beyond the attested visits of Soviet diplomatic personnel to Jonestown and the overtures made by Jim Jones to the USSR. [164] About 30 minutes after Marceline Jones' announcement, Jim Jones made his own, calling all members immediately to the pavilion.[161]. Several defectors voiced their suspicions about Larry Layton's motives. [221] The buildings and grounds were looted by local Guyanese people, but were not taken over because of their association with the mass killing. [106] Jones stated before the speech, "For many years, we have let our sympathies be quite publicly known, that the United States government was not our mother, but that the Soviet Union was our spiritual motherland. [36][181] Hyacinth Thrash, 76, realized what was happening and crawled under her bed, only to walk out after the poisonings were completed. [65][66] Despite having access to an estimated $26million by late 1978,[67] Jones also lived in a tiny communal house, though fewer people lived there than in other communal houses. "[106] Timofeyev opened the speech stating that the Soviet Union would like to send "our deepest and the most sincere greetings to the people of this first socialist and communist community of the United States of America, in Guyana and in the world". They were led to their deaths by cult leader Jim Jones, a charismatic preacher who turned into an egomaniacal demagogue. The story is based on the 2017 book by "Road to Jonestown" by Jeff Guinn. [120], Reiterman was surprised by the severe deterioration of Jones' health when he saw him in Jonestown on November 17, 1978. So did everyone else. ID'd", "1978 CULT FIGURE GETS LIFE TERM IN CONGRESSMAN'S JUNGLE SLAYING. [74], For a year, it appears the commune was run primarily through Social Security checks received by members. [61][83][84] After work, when purported emergencies arose, the Temple sometimes conducted what Jones referred to as "White Nights". In 1978, Jones was informed of a possible lung infection, upon which he announced to his followers that he in fact had lung cancer a ploy to foster sympathy and strengthen support within the community. I'm quite a sucker for films about cults, but the remarkable thing is how many of them were caught on film. On 18th November 1978, over 900 men, women and children lost their lives at Jonestown, a remote settlement established by the People's Temple in northern Guyana. [109][110], On February 17, 1978, Jones submitted to an interview with San Francisco Examiner reporter Tim Reiterman. [149] While Ryan was unhurt after others wrestled Sly to the ground, Dwyer strongly suggested that the congressman leave Jonestown while he filed a criminal complaint against Sly. [71][72] Armed guards patrolled the area day and night to enforce Jonestown's rules. Jonestown, Jim Jones, Peoples Temple, BBC, Documentary. His book is very good, and he is a fine Personality, but the film might have benefitted from bringing in other experts as well Obviously, there were very few survivors of the events in Guyana, and many of them are represented here. We all did as we were told. [203][204] Eddie Mills, Al and Jeanne's son, was believed to be involved to the extent that he was arrested in 2005, but charges were not filed against him. [43] In 1976, Temple member Michael Prokes requested that Burnham receive Jones as a foreign dignitary along with other "high ranking U.S. After the shootings, the Cessna's pilot Tom Fernandez, along with the pilot and co-pilot of the Twin Otter, Captain Guy Spence and First officer Astil Rodwell Paul, as well as the injured Monica Bagby, fled in the Cessna to Georgetown. [197], Larry Layton, who had fired a gun at several people aboard the Cessna, was initially found not guilty of attempted murder in a Guyanese court, employing the defense that he was "brainwashed. [4][5] In contrast, most sources today refer to the deaths with terms such as mass murder-suicide,[6] a massacre,[7][8] or simply mass murder. Jim Jones created an elaborate ruse to convince his followers that he could cure cancer right before their eyes.The JONESTOWN: Terror in the Jungle 2-night s. Shortly before the dump truck left, Temple loyalist Larry Layton, the brother of Deborah Layton, demanded to join the group. However, Miller may have ceased dissenting when Jones confirmed at one point that "the Congressman has been murdered" after the airstrip shooters returned. Members are captivated; his lust for power becomes unstoppable. But yeah, you signed your lives over and moved to a muddy, humid South American jungle where you worked like modern day slaves, all for "the cause". They were led to their deaths by cult leader Jim Jones, a charismatic preacher who turned into an egomaniacal demagogue. At the airstrip, Reiterman photographed the aftermath of the shootings. It is unknown how they reached Georgetown, 150 miles (240km) away, since the boat had been sent away earlier that day. Someone who finds it will believe I am crazy or believe in the barbed wire that does NOT exist in Jonestown." [76] In 1978, officials from the U.S. embassy in Georgetown interviewed Social Security recipients on multiple occasions to make sure they were not being held against their will. Neville Annibourne, representing Guyana's Ministry of Information; This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 09:14. "[185], Found near Carolyn Layton's body was a handwritten note signed by Layton, witnessed by Katsaris and Moore, dated November 18, 1978, stating, "This is my last will and testament. "[170], The poison caused death within five minutes for children,[171][161] less for babies, and an estimated 2030 minutes for adults. [44], Temple members took pains to stress their loyalty to Burnham's People's National Congress Party. [66] His house reportedly held a small refrigerator containing, at times, eggs, meat, fruit, salads, and soft drinks. [27] For its Caribbean missionary post, the Temple quickly chose Guyana, conducting research on its economy and extradition treaties with the U.S.[27] In October 1973, the directors of the Temple passed a resolution to establish an agricultural mission there. [74] It was later reported and verified by audio tapes recovered by investigators that Jones had run rehearsals on how to convince Ryan's delegation that everyone was happy and in good spirits. [102][103][104], Although Jones, his executive partners, and congregation voiced their thoughts about moving their operation to the Soviet Union, Jones had a change of heart. [176] Grover Davis, 79, who was hearing-impaired, missed the announcement to assemble on the loudspeaker, lay down in a ditch and pretended to be dead. [158], Jackie Speier, Sung, Dwyer, Reiterman, Anthony Katsaris, Boyd, Oliver, Krause, and Javers were the nine injured in and around the Twin Otter. [21], After Jones received considerable criticism in Indiana for his integrationist views, the Temple moved to Redwood Valley, California, in 1965. [51] Jonestown's population was slightly under 900 at its peak in 1978. ", "What was Peoples Temple's plan to move to the Soviet Union? In the summer of 1977, Jones and several hundred Temple members moved to Jonestown to escape building pressure from San Francisco media investigations. Jonestown: Terror in the Jungle is a documentary that takes a four-hour look at the horrors of Jonestown massacre and its painful aftermath on the 40th anniversary of the tragedy in People's Temple Guyana. [11][12] Guards armed with guns and crossbows had been ordered to shoot anyone who attempted to flee the settlement as Jones lobbied for suicide. Four other Temple members committed murder-suicide in Georgetown at Jones' command. Jones refers to an 'Omega' on one tape recorded at Jonestown, the only known time when this title was used. April 11, 1978. Stephan, Tim and Jim Jr. eventually found them dead after they arrived at the Temple headquarters in their efforts to return to Jonestown to stop the suicide. [63] Because shortwave radio was Jonestown's only effective means of non-postal communication, the Temple felt that the FCC's threats to revoke its operators' licenses threatened Jonestown's existence.[64]. [195] The base's resources were overwhelmed, and numerous individuals tasked with moving or identifying the bodies suffered symptoms of PTSD. [29] After the day's work ended, Temple members would attend several hours of activities in a pavilion, including classes in socialism. [200] In February 1979, 98% of Americans polled said that they had heard of the tragedy. [130], Two Temple members, Vernon Gosney (19532021) and Monica Bagby (19602009), made the first move for defection that night. [51] Entertaining movies from Georgetown that the settlers had watched were mostly canceled in favor of Soviet propaganda shorts and documentaries on American social problems. [29], Later, Guyanese Prime Minister Forbes Burnham stated that Jones may have "wanted to use cooperatives as the basis for the establishment of socialism, and maybe his idea of setting up a commune meshed with that". [140], That afternoon, the Parks and the Bogue families, along with in-laws Christopher O'Neal and Harold Cordell, stepped forward and asked to be escorted out of Jonestown by the Ryan delegation. [111] Reiterman's subsequent story about the Stoen custody battle prompted the immediate threat of a lawsuit by the Temple. [34], In 1974, Guyanese officials granted the Temple permission to import certain items "duty free". [218] In 1980, an investigation by the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence found no evidence of CIA activity in Jonestown. [158], Before leaving Jonestown for the airstrip, Ryan had told Garry that he would issue a report that would describe Jonestown "in basically good terms". [73] The community had a nursery at which 33 infants were born. Known as 'the Six Day Siege', this ordeal was used thereafter by Jones as a symbol of the community's indomitable spirit. [184], Moore also left a note, which in part stated: "I am at a point right now so embittered against the world that I don't know why I am writing this. government. [77] None of the 75 people interviewed by the embassy stated that they were being held captive, were forced to sign over welfare checks, or wanted to leave Jonestown. [66] Medical problems, such as severe diarrhea and high fevers, struck half the community in February 1978. [93] The fear of being held in contempt of the orders caused Jones to set up a false sniper attack upon himself and begin his first series of White Nights, called the "Six Day Siege". [150] Ryan did so, promising to return later to address the dispute. The lawyers were escorted to a house used to accommodate visitors.

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