gasoline solid, liquid or gas

Highest in 2005, introduction to the modern petroleum science. Propane liquid is colourless and odourless in its natural state. The substances which make up a solution can be either solids, liquids, gasses, or a combination of any of these. Classify the following materials as solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature: milk, helium, granite, oxygen, steel, and gasoline. [49], In 1937, Eugene Houdry developed the Houdry process of catalytic cracking, which produced a high-octane base stock of gasoline which was superior to the thermally cracked product since it did not contain the high concentration of olefins. This innovation started a cycle of improvements in fuel efficiency that coincided with the large-scale development of oil refining to provide more products in the boiling range of gasoline. Some scientists[who?] These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. "[58], Early in 1944, William Boyd, president of the American Petroleum Institute and chairman of the Petroleum Industry War Council said: "The Allies may have floated to victory on a wave of oil in World War I, but in this infinitely greater World War II, we are flying to victory on the wings of petroleum". The federal requirement that RFG contain oxygen was dropped on 6 May 2006 because the industry had developed VOC-controlled RFG that did not need additional oxygen. gal), and its price is escalated or de-escalated according to its actual density. Oil and its byproducts, especially high-octane aviation gasoline, would prove to be a driving concern for how Germany conducted the war. Because captured supplies and oil fields would be necessary to fuel the campaign, the German high command created a special squad of oilfield experts drawn from the ranks of domestic oil industries. Hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) are hydrocarbons that occur as gases at atmospheric pressure and as liquids under higher pressures. Durability of various plastics: Alcohols vs. Examples of Gas to Liquid (Condensation) Water vapor to dew Water vapor turns from a gas into a liquid, such as dew on the morning grass. Some commonly used fuels are wood, coal, cow dung cakes, kerosene, LPG, petrol, and diesel. Human exposure to large amounts of aldehydes can cause eye irritation, nausea, and dizziness. B-4 was equivalent to 89-octane and the C-3 was roughly equal to the U.S. 100-octane, though lean mixture was rated around 95-octane and was poorer than the U.S. version. What is not solid liquid or gas? During the early period of gasoline engine development, aircraft were forced to use motor vehicle gasoline since aviation gasoline did not yet exist. Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. [44], During this period, research showed that hydrocarbon structure was extremely important to the antiknocking properties of fuel. The evolution of gasoline followed the evolution of oil as the dominant source of energy in the industrializing world. With a boiling point near 85C (185F) (n-octane boils about 40C (104F)higher), it was well-suited for early carburetors (evaporators). Gas: oxygen, helium. gal) by September 2009. Since ingesting large amounts of gasoline can cause permanent damage to major organs, a call to a local poison control center or emergency room visit is indicated. The use of the word gasoline instead of petrol is uncommon outside North America,[25] although gasolina is used in Spanish and Portuguese. For other uses, see, Fuel stabilizers (antioxidants and metal deactivators). There is a great deal of empty space between particles, which have a lot of kinetic energy. "Boss", or chronic, sniffers may move in and out of communities; they are often responsible for encouraging young people to take it up. It is a liquid because the gasoline u It also explains the processes which changes the state. Originally a by-product of the petroleum industry (kerosene being the principal product), gasoline became the preferred automobile fuel because of its high energy . -It produces a great amount of heat energy with combustion of only one kg fuel. 1 Is gasoline solid liquid or gas at room temperature? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. A fuel designated grade 130 would produce 130 percent as much power in an engine as it would running on pure iso-octane. Is gasoline a gas liquid or solid? Solid fuels include wood, charcoal, peat, coal, Hexamine fuel tablets, and pellets made from wood, corn, wheat, rye and other grains. The presence of these oxygenates reduces the amount of carbon monoxide and unburned fuel in the exhaust. Previously, catalytically or thermally cracked gasolines were most susceptible to oxidation. 5 What is the most volatile gas at room temperature? What state is fluorine at room temperature? [150] Cars with turbocharged engines and high compression ratios often specify premium gasoline because higher octane fuels reduce the incidence of "knock", or fuel pre-detonation. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. ", "New Models Yield Clearer Picture of Emissions' True Costs", "Fuel Consumption of Cars and Vans Analysis", "Growing preference for SUVs challenges emissions reductions in passenger car market Analysis", "Gasoline, Automotive | ToxFAQs | ATSDR", "Fuel Prices and New Vehicle Fuel Economy in Europe", "Regional gasoline price differences - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", "When did the Federal Government begin collecting the gas tax?Ask the Rambler Highway History", "Gassing up with premium probably a waste", "Fact or Fiction? Later flight tests conducted in 1937 showed that an octane reduction of 13 points (from 100 down to 87 octane) decreased engine performance by 20 percent and increased take-off distance by 45 percent. The general was so upset at the arrival of a truckload of rations instead of gasoline he was reported to have shouted: "Hell, they send us food, when they know we can fight without food but not without oil. Flames are the result of a chemical reaction, primarily between oxygen in the air and a fuel, such as wood or propane.In addition to other products, the reaction produces carbon dioxide, steam, light, and heat.If the flame is hot enough, the gases are ionized and become yet another state of matter: plasma. The bulk of a typical gasoline consists of a homogeneous mixture of small, relatively lightweight hydrocarbons with between 4 and 12 carbon atoms per molecule (commonly referred to as C4C12). Liquid matter is made of more loosely packed particles. The 1970s witnessed greater attention to the environmental consequences of burning gasoline. What property of matter is gasoline? It can cause acute wheezing, breathing difficulties, red eyes, sore throat, and dizziness causing poisoning. Ice is an example of a solid. Ethanol could not be patented but TEL could, so Kettering secured a patent for TEL and began promoting it instead of other options. Gasoline, which is derived from refining crude oil, contains much more energy than coal (twice the lower grade bituminous) or wood (three times). The usage of the terms paraffin and olefin in place of the standard chemical nomenclature alkane and alkene, respectively, is particular to the oil industry. The most popular additives include aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers(MTBE and ETBE), and alcohols, most commonly ethanol. Spark-ignition engines are designed to burn gasoline in a controlled process called deflagration. At room temperature fluorine is a faintly yellow gas with an irritating odour. (.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}See Leadcrime hypothesis). We think PLASMA is the possible answer on . They are substances flowing freely with no permanent shape but a definite volume. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency issued regulations to reduce the lead content of leaded gasoline over a series of annual phases, scheduled to begin in 1973 but delayed by court appeals until 1976. Super Unleaded, with 97/98 RON and branded high-performance fuels (e.g., Shell V-Power, BP Ultimate) with 99 RON make up the balance. These tests resulted in the first government specifications for motor gasolines (aviation gasolines used the same specifications as motor gasolines) in late 1917.[34]. The state the water is in depends upon the temperature. When the U.S. entered the war in April 1917, the U.S. became the principal supplier of aviation gasoline to the Allies and a decrease in engine performance was noted. High levels of detergent can be found in Top Tier Detergent Gasolines. But if you cool it down enough, the liquid water will freeze, becoming a solid itself. when liquid (at m.p. ) But the Japanese missed a golden opportunity at Pearl Harbor. The most extensive use of ethanol takes place in Brazil, where the ethanol is derived from sugarcane. 123 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10160, The Properties of Gases. Thus a vapour is a gas below its critical temperature, and a permanent gas is a gas above its critical temperature. [54], Virtually all of Germany's aviation gasoline came from synthetic oil plants that hydrogenated coals and coal tars. However, "motor spirit" had already made its way into laws and regulations, so the term remains in use as a formal name for petrol. However, the particles in ice, liquid water and . This development would essentially remove the military need for ever increasing octane fuels and eliminated government support for the refining industry to pursue the research and production of such exotic and expensive fuels. No. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, and the next day the Netherlands declared war on Japan, which initiated the Dutch East Indies campaign. Gas is a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. The most volatile component is probably n-pentane, which has a normal boiling point of 36 C. How old would you be if you graduated high school in 1977? The "low percentage" solution ultimately led to the discovery of tetraethyllead (TEL) in December 1921, a product of the research of Midgley and Boyd and the defining component of leaded gasoline. [128] In 2005, the Government of Australia and BP Australia began the usage of Opal fuel in remote areas prone to petrol sniffing. It's possible for a mixture to start out as heterogeneous and then become homogeneous as one substance dissolves. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. [71] It is a mixture of paraffins (alkanes), olefins (alkenes), and cycloalkanes (naphthenes). Gasoline has a lower explosive limit of 1.4 percent by volume and an upper explosive limit of 7.6 percent. Gasoline may contain oxygen-containing chemicals such as ethanol, MTBE, or ETBE to improve combustion. If the RVP is too low on a cold day, the vehicle will be difficult to start; however, the summer blended gasoline has a lower RVP. The fuel and oxidizer can be a solid, liquid, or gas. not gasoline.. but the three states, solid, liquid What word names an Ordered list of number? When they were engaged in combat across open country, gasoline consumption almost doubled. Unburnt gasoline and evaporation from the tank, when in the atmosphere, react in sunlight to produce photochemical smog. In microgravity, a liquid forms a ball inside a free surface. Why is potential energy greatest at the highest point? It explains what solid, liquid and gas are (i.e. [45] This development led to the search for processes that would produce more of these compounds from crude oils than achieved under straight distillation or thermal cracking. Is gasoline solid liquid or gas at room temperature? Even at temperatures as low as -40C (-40F), it gives off enough vapour to form a burnable mixture in air. They usually have properties that enable them to flow from higher areas to lower areas. Thus gas is a liquid at room temperature. These considerations led to the phasing out of TEL and its replacement by other antiknock compounds. By the 1890s, Germany began to pursue a policy of global prominence and began building a navy to compete with Britain's. Atoms in a solid are always arranged in a well-ordered pattern. If left undiluted, improper operation will occur and this may include engine damage from misfiring or the lack of proper action of the fuel within a fuel injection system and from an onboard computer attempting to compensate (if applicable to the vehicle). The engine effects produced by abnormal combustion (engine knocking and pre-ignition) due to inferior fuels had not yet been identified, and as a result, there was no rating of gasoline in terms of its resistance to abnormal combustion. In 1938, the area that would become Nazi-occupied produced 575,000 barrels (91,400m3; 3,230,000cuft) per day. LPG needs only low pressure or refrigeration to change it into liquid from its gaseous state. When water is boiled in a container ,after reaching its boiling point i.e.100 degree Celsius ,vapors are seen coming out of the container .If water is allowed to boil. At the refinery, the composition varies according to the crude oils from which it is produced, the type of processing units present at the refinery, how those units are operated, and which hydrocarbon streams (blendstocks) the refinery opts to use when blending the final product.[73]. assumes the shape and volume of its container particles can move past one another, assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another. It explains basic properties of solid, liquid and gas. The highest energy density fuel is hydrogen, which is also the simplest chemical component in existence. Watch and learn about the three states of matter. The key difference between solid liquid and gaseous fuels is that solid fuels have a definite shape, and liquid fuels have no definite shape and take the shape of the container, whereas gaseous fuels have no definite shape and spread through the space. Gasoline should ideally be stored in an airtight container (to prevent oxidation or water vapor mixing in with the gas) that can withstand the vapor pressure of the gasoline without venting (to prevent the loss of the more volatile fractions) at a stable cool temperature (to reduce the excess pressure from liquid expansion and to reduce the rate of any decomposition reactions). Fuel filtration. Watch More Solved Questions in Chapter 1 Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 However, the declining number of such cars on British roads saw many gasoline stations withdrawing LRP from sale by 2003. This led to a confusing variety of test engines that gave conflicting results, and no standard rating scale existed. Solids are known to have a definite mass and volume which results in a rigid form. Gases have no definite shape or volume. Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur on Earth in liquid, gaseous, or solid form. We use fuels for cooking, heating, in automobiles, and for the generation of electricity. LPG density or specific gravity is about half that of water, at 0.51. The refining industry could not concentrate on large capacity conversion processes for so many different grades and a solution had to be found. For example, gases have no definite shape or volume and are more spread out than their liquid or solid counterparts. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change. Solids have a definite shape and volume. Fuel filtration. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. [47], The development of 100-octane aviation gasoline on an economic scale was due in part to Jimmy Doolittle, who had become Aviation Manager of Shell Oil Company. Petroleum refineries and blending facilities produce motor gasoline for sale at retail gasoline fueling stations. 6 What is the classification of gasoline? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Gasoline, as it is known in United States and Canada, or petrol virtually everywhere else, is made of hydrocarbon molecules (compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only) forming aliphatic compounds, or chains of carbons with hydrogen atoms attached. Solids have a definite shape and volume. The crossword clue possible answer is available in 6 letters. Such regulations have led to an increasing preference for alkane isomers, such as isomerate or alkylate, as their octane rating is higher than n-alkanes. By the end of WWII, the price would be down to $0.042 per liter ($0.16/U.S. Ans. Common examples of gases include things like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, steam, and dry ice. Sessions I. He also added: "Ending the use of leaded petrol will prevent more than one million premature deaths each year from heart disease, strokes and cancer, and it will protect children whose IQs are damaged by exposure to lead". This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. [114], Contrary to common misconception, swallowing gasoline does not generally require special emergency treatment, and inducing vomiting does not help, and can make it worse. High-quality fuels are gases, while low-quality fuels are solids, with liquids in between. The product ratio depends on the processing in an oil refinery and the crude oil assay. gal), only $0.0066 ($0.025) more than 87 octane fuel. Because of this risk, most (underground) storage tanks now have extensive measures in place to detect and prevent any such leaks, such as monitoring systems (Veeder-Root, Franklin Fueling). By the time of Operation Overlord, both the RAF and USAAF were conducting some operations in Europe using 150 RON fuel (100/150 avgas), obtained by adding 2.5 percent aniline to 100-octane avgas. Gasoline stability requirements are set by the standard ASTM D4814. Thus gas is a liquid at room temperature. Molecular weights of the species in the representative octane combustion are C8H18 114, O2 32, CO2 44, H2O 18; therefore one kilogram (2.2lb) of fuel reacts with 3.51 kilograms (7.7lb) of oxygen to produce 3.09 kilograms (6.8lb) of carbon dioxide and 1.42 kilograms (3.1lb) of water. Gasoline is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". ", "Lead abatement, alcohol taxes and 10 other ways to reduce the crime rate without annoying the NRA", "Ban on lead may yet give us respite from crime". From $1.50. In a homogeneous solution, the particles of solute are spread evenly among the solvent particles and the extremely small particles of solute cannot be separated from the solvent by filtration through filter paper because the spaces between paper fibers . Solids, liquids and gases are called the three states of matter. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How can i understand divide math, it's eo confusing. [12] The Oxford English Dictionary dates its first recorded use to 1863 when it was spelled "gasolene". What 2 properties of minerals can be expressed in numbers? Solid. Military aircraft were using expensive turbo-supercharged engines that cost at least 10 times as much per horsepower as automobile engines and had to be overhauled every 700 to 1,000 hours. A gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine obtains energy from the combustion of gasoline's various hydrocarbons with oxygen from the ambient air, yielding carbon dioxide and water as exhaust. A cloud is comprised of tiny water droplets and/or ice crystals, a snowflake is an aggregate of many ice crystals, and rain is just liquid water. Different additives have replaced lead compounds. [132] After NOx enters the alveoli, it has a severe stimulating effect on the lung tissue. How often does a Cessna require an engine overhaul? The general specification by which early gasolines were measured was that of specific gravity via the Baum scale and later the volatility (tendency to vaporize) specified in terms of boiling points, which became the primary focuses for gasoline producers. [43], In the five years prior to 1929, a great amount of experimentation was conducted on different testing methods for determining fuel resistance to abnormal combustion. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. [29], Gradually, volatility gained favor over the Baum test, though both continued to be used in combination to specify a gasoline. Lead replacement petrol (LRP) was developed for vehicles designed to run on leaded fuels and incompatible with unleaded fuels. To compensate for these poor fuels, early engines used low compression ratios, which required relatively large, heavy engines with limited power and efficiency. Clouds, snow, and rain are all made of up of some form of water. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. By 1941, principally through the efforts of the Cooperative Fuel Research Committee, the number of grades for aviation fuels was reduced to three: 73, 91, and 100 octane. General classes of colloids are: gas in liquid, gas in solid, liquid in. In effect, the U.S. military was the only market for 100-octane aviation gasoline and as war broke out in Europe this created a supply problem that persisted throughout the duration. It does not store any personal data. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". gal), quoting the lower heating value. What is the physical state of petroleum at room temperature solid gas liquid? [118][119][120][121], In Canada, Native children in the isolated Northern Labrador community of Davis Inlet were the focus of national concern in 1993, when many were found to be sniffing gasoline. What is the moral lesson of at wars end by rony diaz? Also, though if left to evaporate the gasoline will turn into a A gas will fill any container, but if the container is not sealed, the gas will escape. California prices are higher because the California government mandates unique California gasoline formulas and taxes. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 100-octane aviation gasoline would be referred to as 130/100 grade.[51]. It has the lowest energy. Gasoline is mainly used as an engine fuel in vehicles. Which of the following is gas at room temperature? The winter blended fuel has a higher RVP because the fuel must be able to evaporate at a low temperature for the engine to run normally. The formation of gums is accelerated by copper salts, which can be neutralized by additives called metal deactivators. The fuel for these early engines was a relatively volatile hydrocarbon obtained from coal gas. Before this, the Army had considered 100-octane tests using pure octane but at $6.6 per liter ($25/U.S. The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Gasoline is the most widely used liquid fuel. It can irritate the conjunctiva of the eyes, cause tearing, and cause pink eyes. A higher octane rating allows a higher compression ratio or supercharger boost, and thus higher temperatures and pressures, which translate to higher power output. Gasoline is a liquid. The 13 elements that are room temperature gases are radon (Rn), xenon (Xe), krypton (Kr), argon (Ar), chlorine (Cl), neon (Ne), fluorine (F), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), helium (He) and hydrogen (H). By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Solid fuel refers to various forms of solid material that can be burnt to release energy, providing heat and light through the process of combustion.Solid fuels can be contrasted with liquid fuels and gaseous fuels.Common examples of solid fuels include wood, charcoal, peat, coal, hexamine fuel tablets, dry dung, wood pellets, corn, wheat, rye, and other grains. Can The tpms sensors on a 2002 Ford Explorer can be activated using a magnet.. Gasoline is the most widely used liquid fuel. How do you solve the riddle in the orphanage? First four are gases (i.e., n = 1 to 4). What is the room temperature of gasoline? Now, if you were to put the same sand particles in an hourglass, these will start flowing . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Address A liquid has a defined volume, but can change state. farther apart. gaseous. gal), the price prevented this from happening. [112] Benzene and many antiknocking additives are carcinogenic. During this period, many U.S. states established specifications for motor gasoline but none of these agreed and they were unsatisfactory from one standpoint or another. In severe cases, it may lead to death. Gasoline, as it is known in United States and Canada, or petrol virtually everywhere else, is made of hydrocarbon molecules (compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only) forming aliphatic compounds, or chains of carbons with hydrogen atoms attached. [2] A barrel of oil is defined as holding 42 US gallons, which is about 159 liters or 35 imperial gallons. Room temperature means the average temperature of an indoor location, which is anywhere from 20 to 25 Celsius (68 F to 77 F). An example would be adding sugar to water; the sugar crystals are solids, but . [111] Hydrocarbons in gasoline generally exhibit low acute toxicities, with LD50 of 7002700mg/kg for simple aromatic compounds. [62][63], With the war in Europe a reality in 1939, all predictions of 100-octane consumption were outrunning all possible production. [52] One of the major objectives of the Polish invasion was their oil fields but the Soviets invaded and captured 70 percent of the Polish production before the Germans could reach it. [126] Chronic, heavy petrol sniffing appears to occur among remote, impoverished indigenous communities, where the ready accessibility of petrol has helped to make it a common substance for abuse. [97] Its use in the European Union is restricted by Article 8a of the Fuel Quality Directive[98] following its testing under the Protocol for the evaluation of effects of metallic fuel-additives on the emissions performance of vehicles.[99]. Roughly 72 liters (19U.S.gal) of gasoline is derived from a 160-liter (42U.S.gal)barrel of crude oil. [4] Other chemicals are frequently added to gasoline to improve chemical stability and performance characteristics, control corrosiveness, and provide fuel system cleaning. Currently, many countries set limits on gasoline aromatics in general, benzene in particular, and olefin (alkene) content. Gasoline is the most widely used liquid fuel. A solid has a defined shape and volume. The gum test essentially eliminated thermally cracked gasoline from aviation usage and thus aviation gasolines reverted to fractionating straight-run naphthas or blending straight-run and highly treated thermally cracked naphthas. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do Vapor pressure initially rises with some addition of ethanol to gasoline, but the increase is greatest at 10 percent by volume. Generally, we would say that gasoline is a liquid at room temperature, but the top layer of gasoline molecules easily escapes into the gaseous phase. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". [39] One journal stated, "on a multi-cylinder engine in a high-priced car we are diluting the oil in the crankcase as much as 40 percent in a 200-mile [320km] run, as the analysis of the oil in the oil-pan shows". Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Gases have no definite shape or volume. gal), and, even by 1934, it was still $0.53 per liter ($2/U.S. Like other hydrocarbons, gasoline burns in a limited range of its vapor phase, and, coupled with its volatility, this makes leaks highly dangerous when sources of ignition are present. This increased tensions between the U.S. and Japan, and it led to the U.S. placing restrictions on exports. gal; 121,000BTU/U.S. On average, U.S. refineries produce, from a barrel of crude oil, about 19 to 20 gallons of gasoline; 11 to 13 gallons of distillate fuel (most of which is sold as diesel fuel); and 3 to 4 gallons of jet fuel. . The use of TEL also necessitated other additives, such as dibromoethane. [68] This engine had an advertised compression ratio of 10.5-to-1 and the 1958 AMA Specifications stated that the octane requirement was 96100 RON. Can a nuclear winter reverse global warming? As a result of the lessons of World War I, Germany had stockpiled oil and gasoline for its blitzkrieg offensive and had annexed Austria, adding 18,000 barrels (2,900m3; 100,000cuft) per day of oil production, but this was not sufficient to sustain the planned conquest of Europe. It is called liquefied gas because it is easily transformed into a liquid. Gasoline can also contain other organic compounds, such as organic ethers (deliberately added), plus small levels of contaminants, in particular organosulfur compounds (which are usually removed at the refinery). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. "We had about .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4+12million barrels [0.7210^6m3; 2510^6cuft] of oil out there and all of it was vulnerable to .50 caliber bullets. By 1910, increased automobile production and the resultant increase in gasoline consumption produced a greater demand for gasoline. Users concentrate and inhale gasoline vapor in a manner not intended by the manufacturer to produce euphoria and intoxication. In 1929, the octane rating scale was adopted, and in 1930, the first octane specification for aviation fuels was established. By 1995, leaded fuel accounted for only 0.6 percent of total gasoline sales and under 1,800 metric tons (2,000 short tons; 1,800 long tons) of lead per year. At a 10 percent ethanol by volume, the rise in vapor pressure may potentially increase the problem of photochemical smog. Where are makes up the nucleus of an atom? The particle model is the name for the diagrams used to draw solids, liquids and gases. The main advantages of gaseous fuels over solid and liquid fuels are-. The exhaust gas generated by burning gasoline is harmful to both the environment and to human health. That's an example of something that's called a 'colloid'. The solution appeared in 1911 when the development of the Burton process allowed thermal cracking of crude oils, which increased the percent yield of gasoline from the heavier hydrocarbons. The octane rating of typical commercially available gasoline varies by country. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Improvements in refinery techniques have generally reduced the susceptibility of gasolines to these problems. Plasma, the fourth state of matter (beyond the conventional solids, liquids and gases), is an ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles. The substances which make up a solution can be either solids, liquids, gasses, or a combination of any of these. However, gases, liquids, and solids are three common states of matter. Gasoline is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. After several industry-funded flawed studies reported that TEL-treated gasoline was not a public health issue, the controversy subsided. It occurs as frost, snow, sleet and hail. "Invasive tumors were more like vapor, and they want to spread out and go everywhere," Guo says. The use of bioethanol and bio-methanol, either directly or indirectly by conversion of ethanol to bio-ETBE, or methanol to bio-MTBE is encouraged by the European Union Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport. At $485, this was an expensive option that few consumers could afford and would only appeal to the performance-oriented consumer market willing to pay for the premium fuel required. With the Japanese invasion of French Indochina in September 1940, came great concerns about the possible Japanese invasion of the Dutch Indies to secure their oil. The specific gravity of gasoline ranges from 0.71 to 0.77,[75] with higher densities having a greater volume fraction of aromatics. Sand reacts like a solid when you stand on it, and it is more than capable of supporting your weight. Upon cooling fluorine becomes a yellow liquid. [13], In most Commonwealth countries (except Canada), the product is called "petrol", rather than "gasoline". [129] Opal is a non-sniffable fuel (which is much less likely to cause a high) and has made a difference in some indigenous communities. By 1929, it was recognized by most aviation gasoline manufacturers and users that some kind of antiknock rating must be included in government specifications. Therefore, the hemoglobin in the lungs combines with CO instead of oxygen, causing the human body to be hypoxic, causing headaches, dizziness, vomiting, and other poisoning symptoms. Solids, liquids, and gases are the three main states of matter. Gas The atoms and molecules in gases are much more spread out than in solids or liquids. In Australia, petrol sniffing now occurs widely throughout remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory, Western Australia, northern parts of South Australia, and Queensland. Is gasoline flammable as a liquid? The federal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) effectively requires refiners and blenders to blend renewable biofuels(mostly ethanol) with gasoline, sufficient to meet a growing annual target of total gallons blended. Such gasoline is commonly called E10 by major brands, and it is cheaper than regular unleaded gasoline. [117] The practice is thought to cause severe organ damage, along with other effects such as intellectual disability and various cancers. Is gasoline a gas liquid or solid? Gasoline, as delivered at the pump, also contains additives to reduce internal engine carbon buildups, improve combustion and allow easier starting in cold climates. Gasoline is a liquid. Elemental hydrogen (H, element 1), nitrogen (N, element 7), oxygen (O, element 8), fluorine (F, element 9), and chlorine (Cl, element 17) are all gases at room temperature, and are found as diatomic molecules (H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2). Though only three percent of U.S. combat aircraft in 1935 could take full advantage of the higher octane due to low compression ratios, the Army saw that the need for increasing performance warranted the expense and purchased 100,000 gallons. This area had never been self-sufficient in oil before the war. 38th Congress. Liquid is a substance, that flows freely, having a definite volume but no permanent shape. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Usually the solvent is a liquid, however the solute can be either a liquid, solid, or a gas. Solids have a definite shape and volume. The higher the gasoline volatility (the higher the RVP), the easier it is to evaporate. Gasoline is extremely flammable due to its low flash point of 23C (9F). The state a given substance exhibits is also a physical property. Gasoline is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. By 1944, the U.S. was producing over 1.5billion barrels (0.2410^9m3; 8.410^9cuft) a year (67 percent of world production) and the petroleum industry had built 122 new plants for the production of 100-octane aviation gasoline and capacity was over 400,000 barrels (64,000m3; 2,200,000cuft) a dayan increase of more than ten-fold. What are the physical state of oxygen at room temperature? The automobile market could not support such expensive engines. sing. [86], Reduction in the average lead content of human blood may be a major cause for falling violent crime rates around the world[87] including South Africa. The most obvious physical properties of a liquid are its retention of volume and its conformation to the shape of its container. A system with little environmental impact is proposed for low-temperature pyrolysis of the auto tires. The most volatile component is probably n-pentane , which has a normal boiling point of 36 C . It prevents excessive evaporation when the outdoor temperature rises, reduces ozone emissions, and reduces smog levels. [145] After 2004, the price increased until the average gasoline price reached a high of $1.09 per liter ($4.11/U.S. Is gasoline a solid or liquid? [130][131] Hydrocarbons only affect the human body when their concentration is quite high, and their toxicity level depends on the chemical composition. Plasma is considered the fourth state of matter. [71] Hydrocarbons with a bromine number of 10 or above can be protected with the combination of unhindered or partially hindered phenols and oil-soluble strong amine bases, such as hindered phenols. In October 2007, the Government of India decided to make five percent ethanol blending (with gasoline) mandatory. [109], MTBE was phased out in the U.S. due to groundwater contamination and the resulting regulations and lawsuits. Among them, a concentration of methane and ethane over 35 grams per cubic meter (0.035oz/cuft) will cause loss of consciousness or suffocation, a concentration of pentane and hexane over 45 grams per cubic meter (0.045oz/cuft) will have an anesthetic effect, and aromatic hydrocarbons will have more serious effects on health, blood toxicity, neurotoxicity, and cancer. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Does gasoline classify as a solid liquid gas or vapor? A solid has a fixed volume and a definite shape. The harms imposed include a higher rate of premature death and ailments, such as asthma, caused by air pollution, higher healthcare costs for the public generally, decreased crop yields, missed work and school days due to illness, increased flooding and other extreme weather events linked to global climate change, and other social costs. The substances which make up a solution can be either solids, liquids, gasses, or a combination of any of these. That figure does not include gasoline used by the Army inside the U.S.[59] Motor fuel production had declined from 701million barrels (111.510^6m3; 3,94010^6cuft)in 1941 down to 208million barrels (33.110^6m3; 1,17010^6cuft) in 1943. On 9 October, the German quartermaster general estimated that army vehicles were 24,000 barrels (3,800m3; 130,000cuft) short of gasoline requirements. Gasoline stored for a year will most likely be able to be burned in an internal combustion engine without too much trouble. It is a chemical reaction that happens in a mixture of gases." Simply defined, fire is a chemical reaction in a mixture of incandescent gases, typically luminous with intense heat. Clean surface for clean world (O2) 90.188 K (182.962 C, 297.332 F). Gasoline is a liquid. Despite being moved to the new community of Natuashish in 2002, serious inhalant abuse problems have continued. These tests showed that in certain aircraft, motor vehicle gasolines performed as well as "high-test" but in other types resulted in hot-running engines. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Solid matter is composed of tightly packed particles. For example, Group 1 metals like Lithium and Sodium are soft and easy to cut. Solid refers to a form of matter which has structural rigidity and has a firm shape which cannot be changed easily. Therefore, more metallic hexagonal planar structure. [29] In 1940, there were only 14 Houdry units in operation in the U.S.; by 1943, this had increased to 77, either of the Houdry process or of the Thermofor Catalytic or Fluid Catalyst type. [43] In November, the New Jersey Labor Commission closed the Bayway refinery and a grand jury investigation was started which had resulted in no charges by February 1925. and gas. The term is often restricted to the liquid form, commonly called crude oil. gasoline, also spelled gasolene, also called gas or petrol, mixture of volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived from petroleum and used as fuel for internal-combustion engines. False. "[141], Gasoline enters the environment through the soil, groundwater, surface water, and air. In many areas throughout the U.S., oxygenate blending is mandated by EPA regulations to reduce smog and other airborne pollutants. "Stale" gasoline can be detected by a colorimetric enzymatic test for organic peroxides produced by oxidation of the gasoline.[100]. By 1938, the price was down to $0.046 per liter ($0.175/U.S. The following table summarizes the difference between solid liquid and gaseous fuels. They were sent in to put out oilfield fires and get production going again as soon as possible. [71], Commercial gasoline is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons. This was combined with the expansion of foreign markets for the export of surplus kerosene which domestic markets no longer needed. In the same year, the U.S. Army Air Force specified fuels rated at 87 octane for its aircraft as a result of studies it had conducted. Gasoline is the most widely used liquid fuel. [105], Though gasoline is a naturally colorless liquid, many gasolines are dyed in various colors to indicate their composition and acceptable uses. [28] Britain eventually solved its naval oil dependence by securing oil from Royal Dutch Shell and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and this determined from where and of what quality its gasoline would come. The sun is neither a solid nor a liquid. The three other states are solid, liquid, and gas. Solid fuel refers to various types of solid material that are used as fuel to produce energy and provide heating, usually released through combustion. A solid will retain its shape; the particles are not free to move around. [106] In the U.S., aviation gasoline (avgas) is dyed to identify its octane rating and to distinguish it from kerosene-based jet fuel, which is clear. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? [147], In the U.S., most consumer goods bear pre-tax prices, but gasoline prices are posted with taxes included. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? carbon dioxide). Gasoline inhalation has become epidemic in some poorer communities and indigenous groups in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and some Pacific Islands. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Solids They stay in one place and. Water is an example of a liquid. Discussions are ongoing to allow 10 percent blending of ethanol (available in Finnish, French and German gasoline stations). Production of gasoline consumes 1.5 liters per kilometer (0.63U.S.gal/mi) of water by driven distance. Science cannot precisely describe the true nature of fire, but to clear up the doubts of inquisitive minds, fire is most similar to plasma! Therefore, humans may be exposed to gasoline through methods such as breathing, eating, and skin contact. Gasoline, with a flashpoint of -40C (-40F), is a flammable liquid. Oil and natural gas producers are increasingly targeting liquids-rich parts of supply basins due to higher crude oil prices, which influence the value of NGLs. Is Class C fire flammable gases? However, gasoline vapor rapidly mixes and spreads with air, making unconstrained gasoline quickly flammable. This standard describes the various characteristics and requirements of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions in ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. It is a liquid and a component of petrol/gasoline. On the second day of battle, a unit of the XIX Corps was forced to halt when it ran out of gasoline. Without intermolecular forces, solids and liquids would not exist and all matter would be. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Every object that has ever existed on this planet can be . [101] Typical detergents include alkylamines and alkyl phosphates at a level of 50100 ppm.[71]. There also was the practice of mixing heavy and light distillates to achieve the desired Baum reading and collectively these were called "blended" gasolines. Aluminium; Phase at STP: solid: Melting point: 933.47 K (660.32 C, 1220.58 F) Boiling point: . The dangers of compounds containing lead were well-established by then and Kettering was directly warned by Robert Wilson of MIT, Reid Hunt of Harvard, Yandell Henderson of Yale, and Erik Krause of the University of Potsdam in Germany about its use. The presence of these degradation products in the fuel tank or fuel lines plus a carburetor or fuel injection components makes it harder to start the engine or causes reduced engine performance. [77] Gasoline blends differ, and therefore actual energy content varies according to the season and producer by up to 1.75 percent more or less than the average. 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[70], In the 1950s, oil refineries started to focus on high octane fuels, and then detergents were added to gasoline to clean the jets in carburetors. Conversely, LPG's energy content by weight is higher than gasoline's due to a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio. The term is thought to have been influenced by the trademark "Cazeline" or "Gazeline", named after the surname of British publisher, coffee merchant, and social campaigner John Cassell. Australia has long faced a petrol (gasoline) sniffing problem in isolated and impoverished aboriginal communities. Several exotic states also exist. Knocking can be reduced by increasing the gasoline's resistance to autoignition, which is expressed by its octane rating. Gas. Thermal cracking produced large amounts of both mono- and diolefins (unsaturated hydrocarbons), which increased the risk of gumming. Even after the Nazis conquered the vast territories of Europe, this did not help the gasoline shortage. False. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Fluorine ,. [102] Pure hydrated ethanol is also available as a fuel. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The advantages of petroleum oil soon found the navies of the world converting to oil, but Britain and Germany had very few domestic oil reserves. Gasolines are also treated with metal deactivators, which are compounds that sequester (deactivate) metal salts that otherwise accelerate the formation of gummy residues. In the liquid phase the molecular forces are weaker than in a solid. After the U.S. banned all exports of steel and iron scrap, the next day, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact and this led Washington to fear that a complete U.S. oil embargo would prompt the Japanese to invade the Dutch East Indies. air is a gas. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Diesel may cost more or less than gasoline, but generally costs less to produce because the extraction processes used are simpler. Further improvements in engine efficiency were attempted at higher compression ratios, but early attempts were blocked by the premature explosion of fuel, known as knocking. Dismissal of the Claims of a Biological Connection for Natural petroleum. Also, increased mechanical efficiency is created by a higher compression ratio through the concomitant higher expansion ratio on the power stroke, which is by far the greater effect. Each state (solid, liquid, and gas) has its own unique set of physical properties. 18. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". [5] Gasoline contains known carcinogens. Neither the Army nor the Navy could contract more than six months in advance for fuel and they could not supply the funds for plant expansion. Japan, like Germany, had almost no domestic oil supply and by the late 1930s, produced only seven percent of its own oil while importing the rest80 percent from the U.S.. As Japanese aggression grew in China (USS Panay incident) and news reached the American public of Japanese bombing of civilian centers, especially the bombing of Chungking, public opinion began to support a U.S. embargo. 1 solid liquid gas science dinosaur school Sticker. The most common flammable gases involved in fires are propane, butane and methane, and they form the 'fuel' aspect of the fire triangle, which is required for the fire to start, spread and continue to burn. Gasoline consumption per automobile declined from 2,860 liters (755U.S.gal) per year in 1941 down to 2,000 liters (540U.S.gal)in 1943, with the goal of preserving rubber for tires since the Japanese had cut the U.S. off from over 90 percent of its rubber supply which had come from the Dutch East Indies and the U.S. synthetic rubber industry was in its infancy. The yield . According to the bulletin, the minimal U.S. EPA requirement is not sufficient to keep engines clean. President Roosevelt countermanded Ickes's orders telling Ickes that the "I simply have not got enough Navy to go around and every little episode in the Pacific means fewer ships in the Atlantic". A high-octane-rated fuel, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), has an overall lower power output at the typical 10:1 compression ratio of an engine design optimized for gasoline fuel. The higher expansion ratio extracts more work from the high-pressure gas created by the combustion process. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It is a liquid because the gasoline u pour What are the general classes of colloids? The air in Earths atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen. In August 2021, the UN Environment Programme announced that leaded petrol had been eradicated worldwide, with Algeria being the last country to deplete its reserves. Petroleum is a liquid at room temperature. Matter that can change both shape and volume is called a gas. In the model, the particles are shown as circles or spheres. [136] Most of the retail gasoline now sold in the U.S. contains about 10 percent fuel ethanol (or E10) by volume. An example is liquid water. Raindrops fall to Earth when clouds become saturated, or filled, with water droplets. Later in the war, the C-3 grade was improved to where it was equivalent to the U.S. 150 grade (rich mixture rating).[55]. The safety data sheet for a 2003 Texan unleaded gasoline shows at least 15 hazardous chemicals occurring in various amounts, including benzene (up to five percent by volume), toluene (up to 35 percent by volume), naphthalene (up to one percent by volume), trimethylbenzene (up to seven percent by volume), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (up to 18 percent by volume, in some states), and about 10 others. From 5 to 18 are liquid and then gradually transformation takes place from 18 to 21 after which they are solids known as paraffin waxes. Through the GermanSoviet Commercial Agreement (1940), Stalin agreed in vague terms to supply Germany with additional oil equal to that produced by now Soviet-occupied Polish oilfields at Drohobych and Boryslav in exchange for hard coal and steel tubing. 7 Is gasoline solid or liquid? This ban did not hinder the Japanese as their aircraft could operate with fuels below 87 octane and if needed they could add TEL to increase the octane. Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid, liquid, or gas. Before World War One, Britain was the world's greatest industrial power and depended on its navy to protect the shipping of raw materials from its colonies. However, spontaneous combustion can occur if gasoline-soaked rags reach their auto-ignition point of 495F-536F. A liquid has a definite volume, but assumes the shape of the bottom of its container. Liquids have a definite volume, but take the shape of . By Bunbullartist. Powered by WordPress. What is the difference between an Australian citizen and an Australian permanent resident? Although the mandate does not require a specific percentage of ethanol, annual increases in the target combined with declining gasoline consumption have caused the typical ethanol content in gasoline to approach 10 percent. It was used by the Army, engine manufacturers and airlines for testing and for air racing and record flights. Is propane gas a solid? Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that can be found in liquid, gaseous, or solid form on the surface of the Earth. gal). Some fellow employees would call his effort "Doolittle's million-dollar blunder" but time would prove Doolittle correct. What is the physical state of neon at room temperature? The chief risks of such leaks come not from vehicles, but gasoline delivery truck accidents and leaks from storage tanks. LRP was marketed during and after the phaseout of leaded motor fuels in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, and some other countries. The damage to the health and climate caused by a gasoline-powered vehicle greatly exceeds that caused by electric vehicles. [141], Countries in Europe impose substantially higher taxes on fuels such as gasoline when compared to the U.S. Tetraethyl lead and other lead compounds, once widely used to increase octane ratings, are no longer used except in aviation,[3] off-road and auto-racing applications. Gasoline. [56] The possibility of a complete ban of gasoline from America created friction in the Japanese government as to what action to take to secure more supplies from the Dutch East Indies and demanded greater oil exports from the exiled Dutch government after the Battle of the Netherlands. In 1940, total production under German control amounted to only 234,550 barrels (37,290m3; 1,316,900cuft). "Ban on leaded petrol 'has cut crime rates around the world', "Highly polluting leaded petrol now eradicated from the world, says UN", "Leaded gas was phased out 25 years ago. A solid has a defined shape and volume. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. By Ceceaart99. Consisting mostly of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons, Diesel fuel is not used in a gasoline engine, so its low octane rating is not an issue; the relevant metric for diesel engines is the, Medieval Latin: literally, rock oil = Latin petr(a) rock (< Greek ptra) + oleum oil. The volatile fuels petrol, benzol and kerosene are mixtures of hydrocarbons belonging to paraffin, aromatic and naphthalene series. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. In the EU, 5 percent ethanol can be added within the common gasoline spec (EN 228). The Properties of Gases. Class 1 liquid petro fuel. Explanation: Gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons, isomeric pentanes to isomeric octanes. What are the four properties of matter? During WWII, fuels above 100-octane were given two ratings, a rich and a lean mixture, and these would be called 'performance numbers' (PN). In 2004, over 13billion liters (3.410^9U.S.gal) of ethanol was produced in the U.S. for fuel use, mostly from corn and sold as E10. It will take the shape of its container. All metals with the exception of Mercury are solids this is due to the presence of strong metallic bonding. Some important streams include the following: The terms above are the jargon used in the oil industry, and the terminology varies. Its gaseous and plasma! As late as June 1917, Standard Oil (the largest refiner of crude oil in the United States at the time) stated that the most important property of a gasoline was its volatility. Gasoline (US, CA; /slin/) or petrol (UK, AU; /ptrl/) (see Etymology) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). Ut enim ad minim. The development of a "spray nozzle" carburetor enabled the use of less volatile fuels. Gasolinea petroleum product Gasoline is a fuel made from crude oil and other petroleum liquids. Most metals exist as solids at room temperature. The specific pressures and temperatures at which the gases liquefy vary by the type of HGLs. [30] It is estimated that the rating equivalent of these straight-run gasolines varied from 40 to 60 octane and that the "high-test", sometimes referred to as "fighting grade", probably averaged 50 to 65 octane.[31]. Propane as a liquid looks a lot like water. [92] The use of leaded additives is still permitted worldwide for the formulation of some grades of aviation gasoline such as 100LL, because the required octane rating is difficult to reach without the use of leaded additives. The UAE started to switch to unleaded in the early 2000s. GermanSoviet Commercial Agreement (1940), Learn how and when to remove this template message, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "Refining crude oil - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", "Why small planes still use leaded fuel decades after phase-out in cars", "Race Fuel 101: Lead and Leaded Racing Fuels", "Preventing and Detecting Underground Storage Tank (UST) Releases", "Evaluation of the Carcinogenicity of Unleaded Gasoline", "Releases or emission of CO2 per Liter of fuel (Gasoline, Diesel, LPG)", "Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet", Oxford Dictionaries (blog): The etymology of gasoline, "Improved apparatus for vaporizing and aerating volatile hydrocarbon,", Carless, Capel and Leonard Ltd Records: Administrative History, "India's thirst for gasoline helps spur global oil demand: Kemp", "Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria", "Nafta in English Spanish to English Translation", "Evaluation of Wright Flyer's Engine | Internal Combustion Engine | Vehicle Parts", "Early Liquid Fuels and the Controversial Octane Number Tests", "Kurfrst - TECHNICAL REPORT NO. elaine o'neal husband, dash liverpool dress code, kenmore west teachers, why did mysteries at the museum change its name, choate hall and stewart partner salary, ella rose dobson, fun facts about eugene, oregon, things that fall from the sky 6 letters, matt blake pitching coach salary, murry wilson grave, is dracula (1931 public domain), bounty hunter bloods knowledge, did john russell have a bad eye, john knox barbara knox, paul newman joanne woodward age difference,

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