how does topography affect economic development

; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. Motions of the Earth: methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. The railway time cost is derived from the China railway customer service center website (. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. 4. Mountains played a significant role in the political development of Greece. Other city-states that were not on the Ariken, M.; Zhang, F.; Chan, N.W. Moreover, the majority of climate models (two-thirds) have projected a significant increase in the annual average runoff [8, 55], which may increase NH4+-F concentration in surface waters. Publishing, 49.6480.546 (mean slope) 0.140 (STD slope), 51.8200.573 (mean slope) 0.136 (STD slope) + 0.01 (N-fertilizer), 0.032+0.062 (GDP)0.0002 (elevation)+0.002 (area of watershed), 153.236+1.695 (mean slope)+0.286 (STD slope), 89.507+0.482 (mean dlope)5.957 (mean slope), 2.6386.336 (P-manure)+19.366 (P-manure). "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Rising air temperature accompanied by rainfall intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC [67]. GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. Secondly, the sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27] where surface land runoff absorbs heat from the ground surface to elevate the water temperature. Ocean currents. Under the green goals of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, understanding how to develop the economy with high quality is an important issue facing regional development. Do topographic maps indicate changes in elevation? v. t. e. Economic geography is the subfield of human geography which studies economic activity and factors affecting them. Griffith, D.A. Similarly, Chen and Lu (2014) found that the mean slope and elevation have a negative correlation with water temperature, turbidity, conductivity, COD, TN, NO3-N, dissolved phosphorus and TP, and a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen (DO) [18]. ; formal analysis, X.X. Thirdly, it may be attributed to exothermic reactions in the surface waters due to P-fertilizer, which enhances water temperature. The possibility of economic exchange and industrial transfer is more significant in the subgroup, which is conducive to guiding the regional economys benign development from the whole networks perspective. Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. Measurement of the network connectivity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from the perspective of urban flow. In india where badland topography is commonly found? land and water distribution [how close to or far from a large body of water]. It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. Impacts. Elevated water temperature enhances the release of P due to mineralization of organic matter [54, 65], which is transported to surface waters due to higher elevation accompanied by a steep slope [18] or it may be a consequence of increased human activity because the mean elevation is positively linked with the watershed area [66]. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! While geography played a major role in where civilizations began and where people settle, it has a corresponding effect on the cultures of those people who do settle there. The mean elevation, mean slope, standard deviation of slope, basin area, mean human population density, mean N and P fertilizer, and mean N and P manure for each sub-watershed was extracted using a GIS spatial analyst tool [35]. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). Lv, Y.; Chen, Y. There is a relationship between latitude and temperature around the world, as temperatures are typically warmer approaching the Equator and cooler approaching the Poles. The CONCOR algorithm in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the network. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, It measures average life expectancy, level of education and income for each country in the world. Central Greece is surrounded by a lot of water, and the Peloponnese is mountainous and separated from the mainland by the Gulf of Corinth. Some studies also show that topographic complexity as represented by the standard deviation of slope may be a better predictor than the average slope [19, 20]. Yu, J.-K.; Ma, J.-Q. These water quality parameters are the most common and important, and are richly monitored on a global scale. Sparta, on the other hand, was a monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs. The processes that create topography are usually geologic in nature; e.g. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. Zhang, Y.-Q. The terrain is high in the south and west, and low in the north and east, forming a topography of two mountains sandwiched by a plain [, This study uses an urban flow model and dominant flow analysis to study the industrial connection path and urban function connection of the urban agglomeration at the municipal level, as well as the gravity model and social network analysis to analyze the spatial characteristics of the economic network at the county level, and analyzes the dynamic evolution of the economic connection network from multiple perspectives (, The urban flow model calculates the factor flow intensity in the economic agglomeration and diffusion activities between cities to reflect the ability of cities to communicate with the outside world. The concept of bivariate elasticity was introduced by Jiang et al (2014) in order to measure the response of water quality parameters to precipitation and temperature [28]. progress in the field that systematically reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature. Latitude and longitude make up the grid system that helps humans identify absolute, or exact, locations on the Earth's surface. HSCJ201607). Generally, topographic features regulate surface water quality variables. The climate of any particular place is influenced by a host of interacting factors. Spatial and temporal evolution of economic links between Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration based on the accessibility. As the air moves up the windward side of a mountain, it cools, and the volume decreases. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses. The water quality data were collected by the local authorities of their corresponding countries. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie, Xiaoyi, and Peiji Shi. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Development can be defined as improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social, political, and economic conditions. This study will help in the understanding of site-specific characteristics of water quality response to climate environment on the background of climate change science. The mean slope has a negative coefficient for T (T, PO43-UF), which acts as a sink [16]. Introduction: Climate is determined by the temperature and precipitation characteristics of a region over time. Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. The concentration of orthophosphate is highly dependent on point source pollution (phosphorous related industries) rather than watershed characteristics [18]. Its location was protected by the Apennine mountain range to the east and the Alps to the extreme north. Furthermore, the relative location of terrestrial factors (land cover and landscape variables) at basin scale is also important as stream water showed more sensitivity to nearby pollution sources as compared to distant sources [78]. Therefore, the coastal regions will stay cooler in summer and warmer in winter, thus creating a more moderate climate with a narrower temperature range. Land: Climate and Temperature. The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. Xian et al (2007) found that Cu, Zn, NO3+ NO2, oil grease, and total suspended solid are strongly correlated with population density [17, 25]. It is important to investigate the potential impacts of socio-economic variables on the strength and direction of water quality response to climate factors. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. Number 10 This type of All cities extroversion functions are greater than 1, the difference value is small, and the extroversion radiation ability is similar. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. Increasing P (P, temperature) with sub-watershed area is a direct consequence of atmospheric energy input [38]. To summarize, this paper chooses the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration as the research area, which is at the forefront of the opening up of the Belt and Road and located in an economically underdeveloped region with an extremely important geographical location. Each of these city states could develop its own social structures (contrast Sparta and Athens). Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. Yes. Liu, X.-X. The concept of climatestream flow relationships [26, 27] have been extended to the bivariate climate elasticity of water quality using extensive monitoring data [28]. Elevation. 12 main water quality parameters are used in the current study, which are given in table S2. Additional support was provided by the Southern University of Science and Technology (No. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. Afed U Khan1,2, Jiping Jiang1,3, Peng Wang1,4 and Yi Zheng3, Published 11 October 2017 Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. This, of course, affected economic development. Based on the model, when topography over the selected region (KTU) is reduced to 25%, the mean rainfall (temperature) over east Africa is reduced (increased) by about 19% several social, demographic, economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution. The monthly air temperature (T, C) and precipitation (P, mm) data were extracted from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) [30, 31]. Conceptualization, X.X. Citation Afed U Khan et al 2017 Environ. The runoff coefficient of the sub-watershed is positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity) while negatively associated with P (P, NH4+-F). How does topography affect economic activities? ; visualization, X.X. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Greece's topography was more important to its political and social development. Catchment land use is the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [16]. There are several "regions" to Greece- Epirus to the northwest, Thessaly in the northeast, Central Greece in the center, and the Peloponnese, a hand-shaped protrusion, to the South. They cover physical parameters, and O, C, N, and P-parameters, which are representative and significant from a global perspective. ; Nie, X.-Y. For more details on the CEWQ results refer to [28, 37]. The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality time series based on 1239years of monthly observations. Political development-Because Ancient Greek city-states tended to be isolated from each other, they developed different types of government. When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. Generally, Greece is very mountainous. P-F and DOC are abundant in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate waterbodies. It also caused the Greeks to look outside of its peninsula for colonies that possessed soil that could be farmed. Evolution of economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone based on a social network analysis method. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. Economic factors such as subsidies, commodity prices, labour and immigration laws, cost of land, transport, capital and markets, etc. Africa's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. ; Gao, S.; Wang, Y.-Q. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. MDPI and/or This is because of ocean currents that carry masses of warm or cool air to coastal locations. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. The improvement of DO concentration in waterbodies may be attributed to tropical climate (A), where rainfall occurs all year long, and fresh surface runoff saturates waterbodies with oxygen [16, 69] due to the high sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation [27]. (3) The primary industrys industrial core backbone connection axis is mainly based on the closed triangular connection between Jiuquan, Zhangye, and Jinchang. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. ; Liang, C.-B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. ; writingreview and editing, P.S. How did the Greeks contribute to democracy? They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. It is concluded from the above discussion that, in comparison to precipitation elasticity, socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters in both climatic classes. Climatic factors such as light, water and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. The impact of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality vary by watershed. Runoff coefficients for different Koppen climatic conditions were obtained from Chiew et als studies [27]. In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8a33, 1 School of Environnent, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Peoples Republic of China, 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan, 3 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Peoples Republic of China, 4 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Peoples Republic of China, Method:Single-anonymous Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely Thessaly has warm, dry plains and lower mountain ranges. The elevated level of NH4+-F concentration in surface waters may be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharges [56, 57] due to favorable cultivation conditions in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate classes. The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. Primary concentrations of human The most important geographical and topographical features of Greece were its mountainous terrain and its placement as a peninsula in the Mediterranean. ; Shi, P.-J. The Feature Paper can be either an original research article, a substantial novel research study that often involves Area development model construction. The culture and technologies of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands. Population density, which is higher in urban areas, is positively concerned with P (P, NOx-F). See further details. The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Klages-Mundt, A.; Minca, A. Optimal intervention in economic networks using influence maximization methods. Ye et al (2009) found that topographic characteristics in the Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region explained 26% variations in water quality [18]. Typical regression of CEWQ with socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale. Spatial pattern evolution of economic links in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. (1) The complementary network of industrial functions in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated and compact. prior to publication. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. In comparison to Cwa, a subclass of temperate (C), Cfa and Cfb have higher contents of NO3-F, which may be due to climatic conditions that favor leaching of nitrogen from soil with time [75, 76], or irrigation tailwater discharge from conventional farming that favors the release of nitrate contents to waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. Greece's geographical location gave it a very advantageous position for trading. Spatial Structure of urban Agglomerations Based on the perspective of flow space: A case study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Liu, H.-Y. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! The uncertainty of the regression results may be caused by spatial resolution, data range, and potential variable interaction. Why topography is considered in site selection? Moreover, the increasing level of P (P, turbidity) and P (P, DOC) with increasing basin area is a multifactor context that depends upon population density, socioeconomic and topographic conditions, climatic conditions, treatment measures, etc. Learn More . Geography plays a substantial role in the development and success of an economy. Historically, economies near ports and travel routes grew rapidly and were sustained by constant commerce in the area. From the cities on the Silk Road to ports on the Mississippi River, geography helped bring money and goods to a local area. high voltage arc gap calculator, tennis singles playbook pdf, what to do with unused ham glaze packet, qidp certification california, steve johnson radio net worth, the lies that bind spoilers, rex airlines cadet pilot program, is protonmail used for cheating, the bay house naples dress code, dgfi bangladesh office address, worst ice towns in victoria, 4l60e leaking from driveshaft yoke, i hate cyclists sticker, how to become an insurance underwriter, fighter plane games unblocked,

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