valery legasov tapes transcript

This was dangerous and hard work because they had to go inside the block every time and search for the most suitable spots that would reliably diagnose the condition of reactor number 4. This is the most distinctive feature of a nuclear facility when there is a chimney but it only serves to draw air from which only Krypton-85 is extracted, as I told you, and nothing else. Secondly, install the maximum number of sensors that would ascertain the condition of reactor number 4. [7] Legasov was impressed by the operation of the KGB in the area but considered the Civil Defence group to be in shambles. And I supported him. It was clear that heat was being generated inside this fuel mass. I have not seen a single group in the Soviet Union that raised and considered [the analysis of nuclear safety] with any degree of competence As for the RBMK reactor, you know, in reactor circles, it was considered a bad reactor. I was told that the members of the commission should gather at Vnukovo airport at 1600 hours. Additionally, Celites were added into the bodies of damsCelites, shipped from Armenia and Georgia, had a high sorption capacityto capture all the microparticles and all the components of radioactive elements that were in the water and to prevent them from spreading further. I have always thought that this is the correct approach. Concreting, removing various [sic], which sometimes appeared to be unsuccessful. But the fight against these dangers was being fought on a case-by-case basis. We calculated simply. The number was increasing because the scouts were visiting more and more new areas, while the old areas were receiving more and more radionuclide fallout. Radioactive emissions were still going on but, of course, getting lesser and lesser until about the 20th of May. Recalling this trip now, I can say that I had absolutely no idea that we were driving toward an event of a planetary scale, one that would most likely be remembered alongside famous events like the volcanic eruption at Pompei and other such catastrophes. The show opens with Legasov's suicide, on the second anniversary of the explosion. The question of the gap between the physical concepts of what the reactor should be, and the poor-quality production of fuel, and the whole range of technological operations, many of which seem insignificant, and which are practiced at our stations. However, in whispers, all the operators, all the engineers and experts were saying that this reactor is very difficult to control. Thats why I understood the words of our Chairman of the Council of Ministers in a larger context, that it is not a feature of the development of nuclear energy that has come to this state, but a feature of the development of the national economy that has led to this. He began to ask him about the reasons for the accident, but Evgeny Pavlovich started giving very confusing explanations, and then quickly said that Valery Alekseyevich [Legasov] will explain this better, and handed the phone over to me. [12]:261 He received the degree of Candidate in 1967 and his doctorate in chemistry in 1972. It played the role of iron but without the oxidisation. And here I will speak about Anatoly Petrovich. In other words, this issue was constantly under his control, as were all the other issues related to the Chernobyl accident. This internal contamination had happened because of the ventilation intake. My first impression was that I hadnt come to a nuclear station. Adamovich: I will note all this down. But the word maximally, in both cases, can never mean a 100 per cent reliability. It was absolutely clear to us that no explosion was possible, only evaporation that would carry out radioactive particles - thats all. At the same time, I want to highlight the fact that although these things are irritating when faced day after day, at that moment the people were so determined, they so wanted to complete their work, that all these past cases of sloppiness did not cause any fuss or outcry. And here we had a sharp debate. And yet, because 10 years had been lost and because the international philosophy that every device had to be inside a containment was not necessarily adopted, these devices were introduced into the national infrastructure. These robots have played a huge role even today because many interesting things have been discovered with their help regarding the questions related to the nature and consequences of the accident. Then Pikalov came with his services. explosive danger - that is, all possible types of danger were present. This was one set of tasks. So contaminated it was that he personally smashed it to pieces with a hammer. And if the operator is killed, falls ill or dies, then all these 211 rods will remain in place. We received many telegrams from abroad, by the way. Legasov: To Belorussia, one part, and the other went to Ukraine but in the other direction. By the characteristics of the explosion, by the glow, by the dispersion, it is clear that the system had a volumetric-detonation explosion. But, in reality, there could be an accident. It is possible to safely talk about the programs that are led by Ruteny Mikhailovich Polevoy who established several of them. Then came the chemical solutions. Thank God, I am already cured. Well, because many radioactive elements have accumulated inside coal and oil seams over the centuries. It would be, so to say, outside international standards, outside international regulations. But even DT-5 was not there in sufficient quantities when we arrived. You know, I couldn't even assume that the Operative group would make such strong-willed purposeful decisions. Based on their data, we adopted one or another decision. And all this was not very coherent, not orderly, and did not present to me as a unified, smooth work process. What has already been discovered, what is encouraging for us, that is, I mean, the accumulation of radioactive elements inside fish and animals that are inside the 30-kilometre zone, what is not frightening, what is useful, what is useless, the behaviour of the various tree species, all the Gosagroprom findings, only those that are currently very obviousthese should be described. For some reason, many sources state that there was one explosion, or two explosions, or a hydrogen explosion, or a non-hydrogen explosion. And this, of course, gave rise to all sorts of wrong and sensational, sometimes maybe not sensational but still inaccurate, depictions. And, of course, it must be said that the positive reactivity coefficient in this device turned out to be unexpected for the physicists. We were all already used to how this very old yet good demagogue, with a loud confident voice, could narrate how good things were in our ministry, for an hour. About the station itself, the history of, construction, its exploitation, I'll talk a little later, so as not to interrupt the. Before that, the entire Ukraine Government was very actively and successfully represented by the Ukraine Chairman Deputy Nikolaev. They were somehow not considered by the existing reactor community. Of course, the mistakes made by the operators are well known and there is no need to list them yet again. This organizational aspect should also be described. The reactor could explode. How? Legasov: About the ratio [unclear] I will say later. Especially after I saw the Loviisa station in Finland which was built according to our principles; it was basically our station. Following the complex calculations about lead, Alexandrov, for example, couldnt understand my reasoning for a long time, why that lead was needed. Minatomenergo led the work on the preparations to launch the 1st and 2nd blocks and had already started to gradually make their way into the 3rd block to assess its condition. There were countless industry councils where something was discussed. And now it appears that it is impossible to make the rods move that fast after all. Methods to hold the concrete in place had to be thought of. Dip asbestos sacks filled with polyethylene chips into appropriate solutionsthis would produce foamand then use these sacks to close the gaps on the roof of the sarcophagus. And, each time considerably different figures and results were reported, from astonishingly high to relatively moderate. And conclude this section about the consequences with such normal wordsthat this is a long-term program, that the consequences of this accident will manifest themselves for many, many years, and describe how they will manifest, and that the research front is a broad, so to say, rough plan. [5] When on trips to other regions, sometimes as part of his scientific duties, he often visited the nearby cultural, artist and religious sites. And this was not long before the Chernobyl disaster. As for neutron sensors, they were the responsibility of CNIIP [Central Science Research and Project Institute] of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. He was not in Moscow at the time but in another region where he was leading a Communist party asset meeting. They ran away. In addition, they were also responsible for ensuring that the evacuation was carried out without panic, without any sense of panic, any excess that would hamper normal work. However, it was already clear on the 26th that the reactor was destroyed. These are the three nuclear stations. Firstly, it was domestic, which meant that it was not supported by any international experience. Legasov: No, allowed. Bryukhanov was accused of mismanagement and that operator error was the primary cause of the accident, while design flaws were also a factor. They can be regarded as the directions work should take. Secondly, SEV countries could not be consulted because they didnt have such a device. Whenever we came to some reasonable scientific decisions, the leadership of the Government Commission was able to, with the help of the Operative Group or one of its members, instantly obtain all the necessary materials that we needed in order to implement it in a fantastically short time, literally within days, and sometimes hours. He, of course, would call the Second Deputy of the Government Commission, comrade Silayev Ivan Stepanovich, or maybe he would call Shcherbina and talk to him, but this was not in my presence. All the power and all the responsibility must be in the same hands. As I recall, there is not one person, or group, who leads focused work on analyzing the situation in the nuclear energy industryabout how to change the usual practices of building stations, of supplying equipmentdespite the fact that such individual episodes have been happening. We decided to translate them to English. There werent any radio-controlled aircraft equipped with dosimetric devices. He took the leadership of the construction project in his hands. However, on the other hand, it was plain to see how he crumpled that package of money, not like a prize. I was not with this group when they left. The specific technical decisions do depend but the philosophy does not vary. A personal pistol remained in a drawer, but the professor chose to hang himself. In Chernobyl, I met highly organized, very precise young people who fulfilled the tasks assigned to them in the best possible manner, and these tasks were not easy. So they seemed novel to me, and, by the way, these reactors also seemed safer than the traditional ones. At the same time, videos and photos of the rooms of reactor number 4 were taken continuously which allowed the engineers to select the proper solutions for the construction of the sarcophagus itself. The medics did not sign the protocol. This is Tape 1, part 2. [18] His colleague Buried and destroyed. Most of the first government commission were replaced by new staff due to radiation exposure. And against this background, against the background of lead contamination, to detect lead contamination caused by the 2400 tons scattered around was almost impossible. Then we must describe the accepted scenario of what happened in the reactor with the fuel: the time when it started heating, the time when it stopped heating, the cooling system and so on. Overall, the situation was getting so complicated that it became clear that the scale of the operation had to be increased. And when we are dealing with VVER-type reactors, we can use the entire worlds experience. General Ivanov, who initially commanded this unit, in my opinion, simply failed. But still, some practical experience had already been accumulated. During the first flight it became clear that the entire reactor had been destroyed. If the philosophy that mandatorily required a containment over any type of nuclear facility had been developed, then naturally RBMK, with its geometry, with its construction, as a device would simply not have appeared. Subsequently, there were a few days of active emission of radioactive particles, fuel, mainly due to the graphite burning. As we approach the 25th anniversary of the accident at the Soviet nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, it is appropriate to commemorate the life of the academician, Valery Legasov, who in addition to his indisputable scientific accomplishments, also demonstrated a total independence of spirit and complete sincerity regarding this disastrous accident. Chernobyl illustrates what those tapes presumably contain, which at times is far different from the official Soviet account. Some construction elements of the lower part of reactor may not withstand that. I wanted to say that aloud. This village had been constructed literally in a few months. But with regards to this particular device [RBMK], they considered themselves absolute creators and owners. It was the neighbouring 4th block which because of the Compton effectthe reradiation and reflection of a part of the gamma rays coming out through the roof of reactor number 4was the main source of the elevated radiation environment in the engine hall of the 3rd block. This makes it the best station in the world, Loviisa. The main goal of all the actions. All this was delivered to relatively dirty rooms, and was prepared for eating in the same place with bare hands. Such protective dams were built and had a positive effect. Valery Legasov is a real person The Mad Men actor is playing Valery Legasov. Legasov: Feinberg S.M. Legasov: RBMK? They told me about their complete helplessness. They concerned possible areas of use of those components that are in a nuclear reactor. Moreover, we added clay just for filtering. The signal was encrypted according to defined procedure; during each and every deviation from normal operation, the station must inform the Ministry of Energy or whatever ministry it falls under about the situation by using a special code. It appeared that within those powerful gamma radiation fields, the neutron channel of the measuring device wasnt working, because it was affected by the powerful gamma rays, causing errors. As of today, we can say that this goal has been achieved. Or manually, using the special AZ-5 button to reset the emergency rods. And further, to develop a philosophy that, as the experience of the Chernobyl accident shown, any device can cause trouble not only in the country where it is located but also in the neighbouring countries; and cause not only radiation damage but also economic and psychological losses in those countries. We built the first power plant in Obninsk near Moscow. Not one sensible action or word could he utter. Rarely have any of us really spoken frankly and accurate about this. This was, I think, in 1985. The habitual rhythm of work persisted and the usual approach to solving problems prevailed. Where the first cloud had carried off around 1000 curies of radioactivity a day, by the date of my second departure from Chernobyl, on May 12th, it was 100 curies a day and falling. And everything around is clean. Do you understand? The management system for this complex mechanism was established gradually. The idea of creating such an expert group and doing this work was mine. Those needed to maintain the city and service the station remained. He, in my opinion, organised the work perfectly. Firstly, because it would melt and a sufficient amount of energy would be spent in melting it. Moreover, these are specifically the long-living isotopes and the most dangerous: alpha-active. This construction was a separate saga in itself. Anatoly Petrovich Aleksandrov and my student, who called me just now, Silivanov, they thought about which material to use that would generate CO2 and also conduct heat. Logistical issues started to arise and a separation register was made. So the conversation was in the form of Do you know? Yes or No. This increase in the number of people required new ways of organizing work because it was no longer possible to personally give specific instructions and be done with it. Two years and one day after the disaster, Legasov took his own life, though not before recording a distillation of his side of the story onto five compact cassette tapes. At least not at the age that I currently am, just into my fifties. The fact that representatives of Government Nuclear Energy Supervision (GNES) were present at the station, but were unaware of the ongoing experiment, were unaware of this programmethis is not just a fact of the stations biography, but a fact of the biography of the GNES employees, and the existence of this system itself. The scale of contamination in the areas adjacent to the Chernobyl station, as well as the scale of contamination around the world, is more or less known to us. We knew that he was on a flight over from there and that as soon as he arrived we would board the plane that had already been prepared for us, and then depart to the accident site. This is true for each and any case. He always listened to our scientific discussionswhat we would talk about, what we would needand reacted instantly. This is the main accomplishment of those people who spent considerable time there in the initial days. To make sure of this, I had to get into that APC and go near the reactor. The work was, as before, done in Chernobyl in the former regional Party Committee building, but the living accommodations were moved approximately 50 kilometres away from Chernobyl. This also had a considerable psychological effect on the population, demonstrating that measures were being taken to protect the groundwater. The dams were designed and built immediately but this was also accompanied by research work. The first design mistake was that there should be at least two emergency protection systems, as required by international standards and as common sense suggests. Thats where he was questioned. And teams had already been put in place beforehand. But then it turned out that the sidewalls of the reactor were wrecked. Legasov: So he presented a big report; he always made long reports. And the concentration of radioactive elements in the silt under the cooling pond was up to 10-5 curie, while the concentration of radioactivity in the water was no more than 10-8 or 10-9 curie per litre. During the flight, our conversation was nervous. This was the so-called road to development. Thats magnesium carbonate. Get prepared for The end of the world as we know it!Tags:Chernobyl,valery legasov,chernobyl 2019,legasov,chernobyl hbo,chernobyl valery legasov,chernobyl disaster,chernobyl explosion,chernobyl nuclear power plant,hbo chernobyl,chernobyl hbo valery legasov,chernobyl valery legasov lies,chernobyl miniseries,chernobyl nuclear disaster,chernobyl hbo valery legasov tribute,chernobyl explosion caught on tape,chernobyl legasov,chernobil,valery,chernobyl finale,hbo,chernobyl nuclear Copyright Info Be aware all DRONE AND GROUND FOOTAGE \u0026 music belongs to Lex Meijer (DUB-EDITS) For licensing of footage contact lex@dubedits.nl The pictures falls under the \"FAIR USE Act. Of course, I could not imagine at that time the level of danger, the scale of danger that was inherent in those old devices. And the first time with him. That is to say, one could contact any person and send any command or assignment - but how could the necessary course of action be determined before the arrival of the Government Commission?! At the same time, the Gosagroprom [State Agro-Industrial Committee] and the experts from the Ministry of Medium Machine Building were also carrying out analysis of various agricultural crops, determining the degree of their contamination, observing the forests and fields around the Chernobyl station, both within the 30-kilometre zone and around it. What is going on there? But from the contents of the telegrams, it was apparent that all this was, you know, people dreaming up things, same as we were doing here. At that time, the entire protection system was copied, probably from [TAPE ERASED] that existed in the industrial reactors and was using accumulated military experience. Here's the text so you can have a look: It was the leadership of Gosplan at the time: comrade Baybakov, comrade Voloyants were involved, and comrade Slavsky was among the ones mainly responsible, and comrade Neporozhny. The meeting usually began with General Pekalovs report presenting the radiation conditions within the station and the surrounding areas. The army divisions were primarily used to decontaminate large areas of the station territory and the insides of the station buildings. All this work was done by Marshal Aganov and his team with excellent precision and good organisation. When I arrived there for the first time, I witnessed a grim scene because the first proper dosimetric posts were set up there. We were concerned by the question: how deep do the radionuclides penetrate after they are deposited on the surface; how are they absorbed. They were required to test the materials and create a report, and only after that they could be given to the Army to use on a large scale. At the end of the day, this group of course is made up of intelligent specialists, and maybe everything will fall into place. They showed that the reactor housing may not last for 30-40 years per the project parameters, but may function for substantially lesser time. So changes to the regulation are introduced for one device but not for another. Slowly, work progressed on alternative reactors. And there never was a caseand there were many such occasions [when soldiers were asked to help]where someone, as they say, remained in the ranks, and did not step forward to help us carry out various, sometimes very difficult, tasks. Legasov: Uranium yes, the fuel itself. That was very interesting. But it was resolved in a very odd manner. The first part should be about what the Soviet Union has done in the international arenawhat material it has presented, whom it invited, who hosted, whose help it accepted and whose help it refused. Now, Ponomaryov-Stepnoi became the first deputy director of nuclear energy who dealt with reactor construction. That is why I advised, and Shcherbina agreed with me, to announce that we cannot tell about the precise duration of the evacuation yet. It will be simple or difficult to be there, in place, in general, all our. Three or four or up to ten tons of TNT, this is the maximum that can be said. He fought for it. Groundwater protection became one of our most important problems immediately around May. David R. Marples has suggested the adversity of the Chernobyl disaster on his psychological state was the factor leading to his decision to take his own life[6] and that Legasov had become bitterly disillusioned with the failure of the authorities to confront the design flaws. Because people think they are doing a good thing by increasing the reliability of the device. It was considered bad because of economic reasons. This section cannot be concluded with only the obvious and clear things. [1] Spending four months in and around Chernobyl,[23] he received a high dose of radiation. But sometime around the 60s61, 62, 63, around that timeit became evident that a miscalculation had been made. [8][9][10] He also had two grandchildren, Misha and Valerik. This launch was carried out successfully. Because information came out in separate blocks. An unexpected problem occurred with, for example, specimens lowered into the Finnish station Loviisa. Do you understand? operation , held in this or that place of our numerous Ministry. In this reactor, 1,700 tons. Because, say, the operator suddenly becomes ill and he cannot press the button, or something else, then because of an overrun in parameters, because of anomalies, the second protection system should activate automatically. A chemist, he dared to define the topics of physics laboratories and departments. All this certainly gave an impression of gross neglect, of gross sloppiness towards maintaining documentation, which should be accurate and describe the state of building structures, and walkways, and electrical communications at every moment in time. It was necessary to simultaneously organize a number of tasks that were of completely different types. And I would very much like to ask to make such a statement that, as of today, we do not have safe nuclear energy, or a concept of safe nuclear energy, or even a concept of a safe nuclear reactor that is completely ready. Indeed, there was nothing that impeded the organization of this unusual and difficult operation. All this must be described. But since Shcherbina had approved the decision, the local authorities had promptly begun the preparations. I want to stress that out once more: we removed the water just to avoid massive evaporation. As Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov said in the Politburo meeting on the 14th of July when discussing the issue, I have the impression that the country was slowly and steadily moving towards Chernobyl while developing its nuclear energy. He was absolutely correct. They were communicating, continuously, constantly. Adamovich: [inaudible] this is in Chernobyl? I must say that this work was not safe because the pilot had to hover above the reactor, drop a considerably large load, and then leave quickly so as to not get an excessive dose of radiation and most importantly, drop exactly on target. Probability of such an event was extremely low, nevertheless, as a preventive measure and after some debate, the work to prevent this was approved, despite most of specialists being in doubt whether it was needed or not. These words were pronounced immediately and directly, Prepare for evacuation. And to carry out the tasks that I would define to limit the consequences of the accident. mannered habits, I called the car and went to the party-economic asset. Say from cows who. The provisional title of this article is The reasons that led to the Chernobyl accident and its consequences. So, from a strictly professional perspective, I understand the safety issues, and how to manage them, very well. The group led by Evgeny Ivanovich Vorobiev was assigned to handle all the medical problems. For example, I actually can today. These were some of the smaller issues. Now, about how it came to be and why. This, altogether, is a serious question about how to, and to what extent, cover such large, very unpleasant and difficult events that affect and alarm almost the entire population of the country, and not merely our country. They made many decisions specifically to help people who were affected by this accident. He regularly found proper solutions when one or the other difficult situation arose. And this is necessary and essential. But they required considerable machine-building capacities to build the case that the Soviet Union did not have. [22] The report ran to 388 pages and was presented by Legasov to the conference in a 5-hour presentation, which many in the audience found disturbing. Ofcourse, water contamination measurements were carried out constantly. But the growth was not qualitative but quantitative. Because the main thing is that, in principle, it was possible to add positive reactivity with such a strong acceleration. The exciting time when a young man begins practice. Do you understand? Later, that work was assigned to comrade Batalin, the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. That was the second line of defence- protection of the people. As for myself, I was put in charge of the group that had to develop measures to localise the accident. These circumstances need to be explained. All this was justified at the dawn of the nuclear industry. But the full cycle of nuclear fuel safety must be added to those requirements. Today, this number can be called a reliably established number so that numbers like in tens of tons or kilotons, etc dont go around. Rather, A.P.Alexandrov called Kokoshin, the Deputy Director of the Institute for USA and Canada (he had a doctorate, a very interesting young man), and asked him to write a counter-article debunking the author, that things are nothing like that, and that Soviet nuclear energy is at par with the West, etc. This is how we chose dolomite which was quickly shipped. Legasov was the one who pushed for honesty and evacuation of the town of Pripyat, at a time Soviet officials were trying to cover up the causes of the disaster. We dropped dolomite there. He and his associates showed great concern about the quality of the equipment that was supplied to the station. [23] In attendance was the former plant director Viktor Bryukhanov, RBMK designer Anatoly Alexandrov and Efim Slavsky of Sredmash. It was the sum of these actions that allowed us to seal reactor number 4 and to create a layer of filtering materials, preventing the melting of the fuel by blocking a proportion of the endothermic reactions. the building of the city party committee, located in the central square of the city. The important pipeline had been carelessly quality-assured. There is no excess. These problems were what we were worried about. The decision has been made and what can we say about it now. We were forced to develop non-traditional ways of solving this problem. His report was noted for its great detail and relative openness in discussing the extent and consequences of the tragedy,[24] disclosed to Western media some defects in the RBMK reactor design such as the positive void coefficient, as well as problems with operator training. Undoubtedly, science will address this and things will improve but not by 100 or 150 times. The number was not precise, but it was clear that around 100 people had gotten radiation injuries. On the one hand, it melted and we did find evidence of that. I cannot vouch for my memory. Can the Soviet Union, for example, limit the number of devices that are there, gradually put those that have no cover out of service, and hence, switch to fossil fuel. For all new projects and new ideas, this design organisation fully recognized the authority of the Institute of Nuclear Energy, and readily consulted with it and maintained contact. It is about 15-20 years within which all the questions we are discussing here must be resolved. This kind of equipment was not available at the time. For example, a scientific supervisor for aviation. I cannot exactly tell how much time he spent in Chernobyl, and took the most thorough part in data collection, their correct estimation, researching the history of the appearance of contamination spots. Either way, we didnt know the temperature inside the core; if, for example, it were to be lower than the melting temperature of iron, dropping this material would not have been effective because the iron would not melt and the mass would not stabilise. One they just lost and. So we have Chernobyl. Lev Petrovich Feoktistov, a very intelligent and talented man, was given the responsibility of matters of nuclear physics and its special practical applications. All this had a reassuring effect. The third groupimplementers, not researchers; these were mostly the army divisions began decontaminating the rooms in the 1st and 2nd block, and also prepared for the construction of the sarcophagus, because the design was already in progress in Moscow. I remember how once Lev Petrovich Feoktistov, who had just started working at our institute, attempted to conceptually analyze questions about a more reliable reactor, a more interesting reactor, that would eliminatethis problem was worrying thenthe production of such fissile materials that could be removed from the reactor and used in nuclear weapons. And our Kola Peninsula, a natural wonder, would have been destroyed. That is because he has a good habit of carefully listening to the specialists, quickly gasping their point, and be immediately ready to make decisions. You must always do something new, and be very critical to what was done before you. The 26th of April, 1986 was a Saturday, a beautiful day and I was thinking of either going to my university department and finishing something for them, or maybe letting things slide and going with my wife, Margarita Mikhailovna, and my friend to rest somewhere, or of going to the party activists meetin. A more effective solution was put forward to the Minvodkhoz: to surround the entire contaminated territory with approximately 1450 wells, some of which would be measuring wells in which the radioactivity of the water flowing through wouldbe continuously measured; then, if necessary, contaminated water could be pumped out using special devices, preventing it from reaching the groundwater. And I repeat that it should be based on the work we have previously done so that we refer to our own sources and not someone elses. Because such a belief prevailed that we have enough Donbass coal and that we dont need to develop nuclear energy. This is Tape 1, part 2. Many prefabricated houses were ordered, made both in Finland and in the Soviet Union. But she still, Having collected all the necessary technical documents and f, KALUGIN having received some idea about the structure of the station, about, possible troubles that might be there, I jumped to my house. Ia dikenal sebagai kepala komisi penyelidikan bencana Chernobyl. Do you understand? They, so to say, maintained this connection. I invited two or three experienced journalists to it. The tape was valery legasov refers to transcripts and professional. It is difficult to overestimate the work of the supply group, which was organised by the chairman of the of the Gossnab of Ukraineworking on behalf of Vitaliy Andreyevich Solov, the chairman of Gosplan of Ukrainewho, sitting in Kiev, worked miracles to ensure that all the work was carried out in Chernobyl with all the needed materials even though the amount needed was, of course, ridiculous. But this talk of the reactor smouldering, emitting radioactivity in considerable amounts, were so strong that orders were given to manufacture various types of covers for it. According to that register, all the materials that had been tested would be handed over to the Army to use in decontamination tasks. And we had to know whether those bubblers were empty or not. So the radioactive particles were filtered out by this layer. By 33 times almost. And at that moment, Mikhail Sergeyevich asked me to write a personal letter to him. The scientific part of the team, who were responsible for the correctness of decisions, made these decisions without the support of Moscow, Kiev, or Leningrad. Just radioactivity; Im not even talking about carcinogens and other things. Probably because indeed, especially during that period, people who fought with this accident sought to do their best, to do everything they could, without thinking about any kind of encouragement, be it material or moral. We discovered this from foreign sources. It is necessary to explain the following facts in this order. A temperature at which a vapour-zirconium reaction could begin, accompanied by the generation of hydrogen was, in principle, unacceptable, be it routine work or technical conditions. And here, an unpleasant moment occurred. I suppose what I am saying is that the institute, for the first time, managed to assemble a group of experts who looked at nuclear energy as a system, all elements of which should be equally efficient, equally safe and reliable; and depending on the size of one or the other element in the system, the quality of the entire nuclear energy system should be more or less optimum. They see the director, who is a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences, and their [own] salary is lousy. For instance, did a one-day delay in taking action have any effect at all? [7] Legasov developed a plan to extinguish the reactor fire using nitrogen gas pumped throughout the plant's pipe network but the pipes were too badly damaged to be effective. This is how the ideology of RBMK reactor appeared. Two people had died, others were in hospital and the radiation conditions in the station were rather complex. In private he campaigned for reactor safety and institutional reorganization. You approach the gates of the Skazochniy Pioneer Camp. And ammonium nitrate is an explosive in its pure form. On April 26th, 1986, a nuclear explosion at the Chernobyl power plant rocked the area near the Ukrainian town of Pripyat, spreading giant clouds of radioactive material across 77,000 square miles of land. Then the dosimetric reconnaissance began. And such vehicles were used to do the majority of decontamination work in the most difficult places. But it was from abroad, this telegram. We became convinced that no country in the world had a proven, experimentally verified action plan for such a situation. We tried to use robots but this generally was not very successful. Heres a way to organize work on construction sites: inconsistency in different types of production, say, the production of fuel elements; the machine-building equipment, the unpreparedness of builders to accept this equipment on time; garbage on construction sites; constant, incomprehensible changes in the number of construction staff (by construction I mean at nuclear power plants), at times too many, at others too few. The last time I saw him was in the Politburo meeting on the 14th of July [transcript of the Politburo meeting] when the cause of the Chernobyl accident was being discussed. Would we be breaking the law? This was miraculously discovered and this, the most powerful disaster we would have just lost the entire Kola Peninsula. And eventually, Major Antoshkin reported to us in the Government Commissions evening meeting that on that day, they had dropped 1100 tonnes of materials. how much did it increase? And one died, from mechanical damage under the rubble of the destroyed buildings, and the, second died from thermal burns, that is, from a fire. Given that there are 2,400 tons, the burning would have continued for 2,400 hours. Later, the maximum dose was reduced. No one could explain what had happened. The scale of the work, how all the organizations and the government itself perceived it. [27] His treatment may have been that his independence, his habit of violating the chain of command and his lack of deference to the scientific establishment had irked senior members of the scientific community. from Kiev. Well, they are listed in the reports presented at Vienna. After that, Ukraine representatives, comrade Plyusch and comrade Nikolaev, started to prepare for the evacuation of the city scheduled for the next day. The work would start very early; at around seven or eight in the morning, the first meeting would be held. Until such time as something was being thrown out of reactor number 4, redundant projects kept appearing, like creating a sort of a skull cap over reactor number 4. Now, with the introduction of all these elements, such as lead, for example, we assessed if there would be lead contamination in the area. This cloud would act as a kind of spoiler against the wind, trapping aerosol particles that would otherwise have been carried far away on the wind. You can find a transcript of these tapes here, but you won't find the line from the first episode that opens HBO 's miniseries ("What is the cost of lies? As for the 30-kilometre zone itself, it was under the charge of the experts from the Ministry of Nuclear Energy, the experts from the Kurchatov Institute, experts from the Radium Institute and the experts from the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. For the places where the temperature was relatively low, say 200, 300, 400 degrees [Celsius], lead was used. Please help us share these tapes with the world. But when such cases became known, a scandal broke out. But the logic behind these actions was this. It seems to me that they were overly modest and careful when writing about what happened at the station itself, why the accident occurred, whose fault it was, whether the reactor was defective or the actions of the staff were wrong. And I was just delighted with the technical equipment and the culture of competence within this group. Its clear that a human is irreplaceable when one has to perform certain complex tasks like a cargo drop or some other operation involving large devices placed on a helicopter. In a few months, the Nahimov collision happened, such a severe disaster with the same carelessness and irresponsibility; then a methane explosion at a coal mine in Ukraine; a train collision in Ukraineall these within a short time. So, this was my own professional work to which I managed to attract most interesting young people who with style, with good education and understanding, are still developing this extremely interesting area of Chemical physicsfrom which Im sure will originate very many developments, important for practice and for education. And I have to say that five of them had failed. If there were containments, then RBMK would simply not exist; as it didnt anywhere in the world, this type of reactor. I looked at the composition of the Government CommissionI can list this first composition if neededand we flew out to Kiev. Then an initial assumption was made that the source of such high activity was the roof of the 3rd block on which was a lot of scattered fuel. The same thing was done to all surfaces that could produce dust. And the main criminals Of course. So I went to the institute;but before I reached, my car phone rang and one of Scherbinas subordinates told me that as per a request by Silaev to the General Secretary, I needed to go back to Chernobyl because Velikhovs unilateral actions were, for some reason, worrying Ivan Stepanovich. It means adding more and more instruments to it, some additional diagnostics tools and so on. [19] Legasov had the opportunity to visit nuclear power plants in the West, such as the Soviet designed Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant in Finland, and was shocked at the higher safety standards, better equipment, a containment structure and superior construction. This harmonious work of the researchers and the designers, in the end, led to a reliable construction. And the measures there were simple. It was led by comrade Petrov who had arrived here earlier. A considerable amount of radioactivity was localised and did not spread to a larger area, excepting the elements of Cesium and Strontium - the most easily melted elements. Recently, all of us became concerned about the quality of training and readiness of the personnel who design, build and operate nuclear power stations, because the number of facilities had sharply increased, but the quality of the personnel involved in this process had likely decreased and was decreasing before our eyes. The system of a singular person being personally responsible for the quality of the devicewith all the facilities it was installed inwas absent. A lot of work was done when comrade Pologikh Boris Grigorievich led this group. This, roughly, is the structure according to which all the material should be prepared. Further traditional report lasting in general two hours, room of the academic secretary Nikolai Sergeyevich BABAY, but in order to, discuss the main positions of the report during the break. [29], As a national hero at the time of his death,[27] Legasov's suicide caused shockwaves in the Soviet nuclear industry. And these werent just personal impressions. During the initial launches of the first unit at the Leningrad nuclear station, there was a problem of instability of neutron flows and difficulty in managing them. This was followed by a routine report that continued for two hours. But how to construct the concrete plate under the reactor - this was totally unknown to us. The question arose about what to do with the 5th and 6th blocks. Many young people arrived. [7], Legasov married Margarita Mikhailovna and had two children, Inga Legasova and Aleksey Valeryevich. Legasov: Hope this isnt confusing to you. The most interesting ones were those proposed by academy member Viktor Aleksandrovich Kabanov, preliminarily tested in the dust storm-prone regions of Central Asia. [5], For around two years, Legasov worked as an engineer at the Siberian Chemical Combine in the city of Tomsk-7, as a shift supervisor. It appeared that I had been summoned to Moscow to take part in the Politburo meeting that would take place on the 5th of May. And a huge number of friendly telegrams, a great amount of benevolent advice: what to do, how to extinguish the fire and so on. The more nuclear power stations were built, the more real became the danger of something happening at some point in time. [13] Working on reactor design was taboo for a chemist in the institute but he focused instead on related technologies, as well as assisted with the management of the institute. He was working on a helium-cooled high-temperature reactor, and we considered this reactor as having the best technological capabilities for our national economy. "[5] Journalists Vladimir Stepanovich Gubarev and Yuriy Shcherbak claim that his suicide was a conscious attempt to draw attention to the lack of nuclear safety in the Soviet Union. So I started preparing a note in which I described all that was known by that time: how the events had developed, how the destruction of reactor number 4 had happened, what work had already been done, and what work was yet to be performed. Around noon, a break was announced and I went up to the second floor, to the office of the Science Secretary Nikolay Sergeevich Babay to discuss the report. Get started for FREE Continue. This design had to be done concurrently at the site and in the different design organizations located in cities across the Soviet Union, mainly in Moscow and Leningrad. But the main criminals are those leaders of energy in the 60s who despite the opinion of experts, and Soviet experts Say, at our institute, there is corresponding member Sidorenko Viktor Alekseyevich; he is now the Deputy Chairman of Gosatomenergonadzor. southern ohio adventure loop, private landlords in cleveland ohio, montana state university forage, only one armpit smells cancer, the resort entertainment koh samui, to the max dot games, starfall numbers 2, luke dahlhaus family, gurney's star island sold, lakeview hotshots, tulsa nationals wrestling 2021 results, what is the best deck on celebrity equinox, wyndham hotels in norway, mobile city estates spruce grove lot fees, debbie meredith frank beard,

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